Abstract
Resistance to potato virus X (PVX) is determined by the product of a host resistance gene and a viral determinant specifying either virulence (resistance-breaking ability) or avirulence (resistance sensitivity). The viral coat protein is the determinant of resistance mediated by the host Nx gene while the 25 kDa movement protein is the determinant of Nb-mediated resistance. Group 1 and group 4 strains of PVX are avirulent or virulent respectively for both these determinants while group 2 and group 3 strains are virulent for one but avirulent for the other determinant. There are two alternative evolutionary mechanisms by which the various strain groups might have evolved: either by recombination between strains carrying virulence (or avirulence) determinants that evolved once only, or alternatively, by independent evolution of at least one virulence (or avirulence) determinant in distinct phylogenetic branches. These alternative hypotheses were investigated by (i) determining the complete genomic sequence of a group 1 and a group 4 strain and (ii) comparing the completely sequenced genomes of six isolates representative of the four strain groups. The analysis revealed the same phylogeny for all five PVX genes. Thus, there is no evidence that the PVX strain groups evolved by recombination.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huisman M.J., Linthorst H.J.M., Bol J.F., and Cornellissen B.J.C., J Gen Virol 69, 1789-1798, 1988.
Beck D.L., Guilford P.J., Voot D.M., Andersen M.T., and Forster R.L., Virology 183, 695-702, 1991.
Angell S.M., Davies C., and Baulcombe D.C., Virology 215, 197-201, 1996.
Cockerham G., Heredity 25, 309-348, 1970.
Solomon R.M., Heredity 55, 135-138, 1985.
Kohm B.A., Goulden M.G., Gilbert J.E., Kavanagh T.A., and Baulcombe D.C., The Plant Cell 5, 913-920, 1993.
Baulcombe D.C., Kohm B., Goulden M.G., Santa Cruz S., Forsyth A., Chapman S., and Kavanagh T., in Bills D., Owens R., Baker C.J., Hutcheson S., Straney D., Fischoff D., and Shah D. (eds). Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Biotechnology and Plant Protection. University of Maryland, World Scientific Publishing Co., New Jersey, 1993, pp. 101-110.
Greenberg J.T., Guo A., Klessig D.F., and Ausubel F.M., Cell 77, 551-563, 1994.
Malcuit I.M., Marano M.R., Kavanagh T.A., De Jong W., Forsyth A., and Baulcombe D.C., Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 12, 536-543, 1999.
Kavanagh T., Goulden M., Santa Cruz S., Chapman S., Barker I., and Baulcombe D.C., Virology 189, 609-617, 1992.
Santa Cruz S., and Baulcombe D.C., Molec Plant-Microbe Interact 6, 707-714, 1993.
Bendahmane A., Kohm B.A., Dedi C., and Baulcombe D.C., Plant J 8, 933-941, 1995.
Cockerham G., in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Potato Virus Diseases. Lisse-Wageningen, 1954, pp. 89-92.
Moreira A., Jones R.A.C., and Fribourg C.E., Ann Appl Biol 95, 93-103, 1980.
Simon A.E. and Bujarski J.J., Ann Rev Phytopathol 32, 337-362, 1994.
Holland J., Spindler K., Horodyski F., Grabau E., Nichol S., and VandePol S., Science 215, 1577-1585, 1982.
Jones R.A.C., Plant Pathol 31, 325-331, 1982.
Jones R.A.C., Plant Pathol 34, 182-189, 1985.
Orman B.E., Celnik R.M., Mandel A.M., Torres H.N., and Mentaberry A.N., Virus Res 16, 293-306, 1990.
Skryabin K.G., Kraev A.S., Morozov S.Y., Rozanov M.N., Chernov B.K., Lukasheva L.I., and Atabekov J.G., Nucleic Acids Res 16, 10929-10930, 1988.
Querci M., Van der Vlugt R.A.A., Goldbach R.W., and Salazar L.F., J Gen Virol 74, 2251-2255, 1993.
Goulden M.G., Kohm B., Santa Cruz S., Kavanagh T.A., and Baulcombe D.C., Virology 197, 293-302, 1993.
Morozov S.Y., Zakhariev V.M., Chernov B.K., Prasolov V.S., Kozlov I.V., Atabekov J.G., and Skryabin K.G., Dokl Akad Nauk Sssr 271, 211-215, 1983.
Santa Cruz S. and Baulcombe D.C., J Gen Virol 76, 2057-2061, 1995.
Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., and Maniatis T., ``Molecular Cloning: A laboratory Manual'', 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 1989.
Murphy G. and Kavanagh T., Nucleic Acids Res 16, 5198, 1988.
Meshi T., Ishikawa M., Takamatsu N., Ohto T., and Okada Y., FEBS Lett 162, 282-285, 1983.
Zucker M., Science 244, 48-52, 1989.
Jaeger J.A., Turner D.H., and Zucker M., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 7706-7710, 1989.
Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., and Gibson T.J., Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673-4680, 1994.
Saitou N. and Nei M., Mol Biol Evol 4, 406-425, 1987.
Kimura M., The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1983.
Felsenstein J., Evolution 39, 783-791, 1985.
Felsenstein J., Cladistics 5, 164-166, 1989.
Lai M.M.C., Microbiological Reviews 56, 61-79, 1992.
Figlerowitz M., Nagy P.D., and Bujarski J.J., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 2073-2078, 1997.
Fraile A., Alonso-Prados J.L., Aranda M.A., Bernal J.J., Malpica J.M., and Garcia-Arenal F., Virology 71, 934-940, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malcuit, I., de Jong, W., Baulcombe, D.C. et al. Acquisition of Multiple Virulence/Avirulence Determinants by Potato Virus X (PVX) has Occurred Through Convergent Evolution Rather than Through Recombination. Virus Genes 20, 165–172 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008178800366
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008178800366