Abstract
We describe a comparative approach to micrometeorological measurements of surface energy, water vapor, and trace gas fluxes, inwhich mobile eddy correlation towers are moved among sites every 9–14days, allowing both direct and indirect comparison of fluxes amongecosystem types. Structurally distinct ecosystems in Alaskan arctic tundra differed in the relationships between net radiation and surface energyfluxes, whereas structurally similar ecosystems showed constantrelationships, even when they experienced quite different climate.
An intercomparison of two towers simultaneously operated at the same location provided a reference for the systematic error of such comparisons.We suggest general criteria for comparing flux measurements made indifferent ecosystems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arya, S. P. S.: 1988, Introduction to Micrometeorology, Academic Press, San Diego, 307 pp.
Auble, D. L. and Meyers, T. P.: 1992, 'An Open Path, Fast Response Infrared Absorption Gas Analyzer for H2O and CO2', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 59, 243–256.
Auerbach, N. A. and Walker, D. A.: 1995, 'Preliminary Vegetation Map, Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska: A Landsat-Derived Classification', Unpublished.
Brutsaert, W. and Sugita, M.: 1992, 'Application of Self-Preservation in the Diurnal Evolution of the Surface Energy Budget to Determine Daily Evaporation', J. Geophys. Res. 97, 18377–18382.
de Bruin, H. A. R. and Holtslag, A. A. M.: 1982, 'Simple Parametrization of the Surface Fluxes of Sensible and Latent Heat During Daytime Compared with the Penman-Monteith Concept', J. Appl. Meteorol . 21, 1610–1621.
Dugas, W. A.: 1992, 'Bowen Ratio and Eddy Correlation Measurements for Bare Soil, Sorghum, and Rangeland', Wetter und Leben 44, 3–16.
Eugster, W. and Senn, W.: 1995, 'A Cospectral Correction Model for Measurement of Turbulent NO2 Flux', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 74, 321–340.
Fitzjarrald, D. R. and Moore, K. E.: 1992, 'Turbulent Transports Over Tundra', J. Geophys. Res. 97, 16717–16729.
Foken, T. and Wichura, B.: 1996, 'Tools for Quality Assessment of Surface-Based Flux Measurements', Agric. For. Meteorol}. 78}, 83–
Garratt, J. R.: 1994, The Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 316 pp.
Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S.-M., Daube, B. C., and Wofsy, S. C.: 1996, 'Exchange of Carbon Dioxide by a Deciduous Forest: Response to Interannual Climate Variability', Science 271, 1576–1578.
Harazono, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Miyata, A., Uchida, Y., Vourlitis, G. L., and Oechel, W. C.: 1995, Micrometeorological Data and Their Characteristics over the Arctic Tundra at Barrow, Alaska During the Summer of 1993, No. 16 in Misc. Publications, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan, 215 pp.
Harazono, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Vourlitis, G. L., Zulueta, R. C., and Oechel, W. C.: 1996, 'Heat, Water and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Over the Arctic Tundra Ecosystems at Northslope in Alaska', in Proc. IGBP/BAHC-LUCC 4-7 November 1996 , Kyoto, Japan, pp. 170–173.
Haugen, D. A., Kaimal, J. C., and Bradley, E. F.: 1971, 'An Experimental Study of Reynolds Stress and Heat Flux in the Atmospheric Surface Layer', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 97, 168–180.
Jackson, R. D., Hatfield, J. L., Reginato, R. J., Idso, S. B., and Pinter, P. J., Jr.: 1983, 'Estimation of Daily Evapotranspiration From one Time of Day Measurements', Agric. Water Manage. 7, 351–362.
Jones, H. G.: 1992, Plants and Microclimate, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2nd edn., 428 pp.
Laubach, J.: 1996, Charakterisierung des turbulenten Austausches von Wärme, Wasserdampf und Kohlendioxid über niedriger Vegetation anhand von Eddy-Korrelations-Messungen, 3 of Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, Inst. für Meteorologie und Inst. für Troposphärenforschung, Univ. Leipzig, 139 pp.
McMillen, R. T.: 1988, 'An Eddy Correlation Technique With Extended Applicability to Non-Simple Terrain', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 43, 231–245.
Nie, D., Kanemasu, E. T., Fritschen, L. J., Weaver, H. L., Smith, E. A., Verma, S. B., Field, R. T., Kustas, W. P., and Stewart, J. B.: 1992, 'An Intercomparison of Surface Energy Flux Measurement Systems Used During FIFE 1987', J. Geophys. Res. 97, 18715–18724.
Oechel, W. C., Hastings, S. J., Vourlitis, G., Jenkins, M., Riechers, G., and Grulke, N.: 1993, 'Recent Change of Arctic Tundra Ecosystems From a Net Carbon Dioxide Sink to a Source', Nature 361, 520–523.
Panofsky, H. A. and Dutton, J. A.: 1984, Atmospheric Turbulence, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 397 pp.
Rachidi, F., Kirkham, M. B., Kanemasu, E. T., and Stone, L. R.: 1993, 'Energy Balance Comparison of Sorghum and Sunflower', Theoret. Appl. Climatol. 48, 29–39.
Schmid, H. P. and Oke, T. R.: 1990, 'A Model to Estimate the Source Area Contributing to Turbulent Exchange in the Surface Layer Over Patchy Terrain', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 116, 965–988.
Stull, R. B.: 1988, An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 666 pp.
Whiteman, C. D., Allwine, K. J., Fritschen, L. J., Orgill, M. M., and Simpson, J. R.: 1989, 'Deep Valley Radiation and Surface Energy Budget Microclimates. Part II: Energy Budget', J. Appl. Meteorol . 28, 427–437.
Wofsy, S. C., Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S.-M., Bakwin, P. S., Daube, B. C., Bassow, S. L., and Bazzaz, F. A.: 1993, 'Net Exchange of CO2 in a Mid-Latitude Forest', Science 260, 1314–1317.
Wyngaard, J. C.: 1990, 'Scalar Fluxes in the Planetary Boundary Layer-Theory, Modeling, and Measurement', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 50, 49–75.
Yoshimoto, M., Harazono, Y., Miyata, A., and Oechel, W. C.: 1996a, 'Micrometeorology and Heat Budget over the Arctic Tundra at Barrow, Alaska in the Summer of 1993', J. Agric. Meteorol. 52, 11–20.
Yoshimoto, M., Harazono, Y., and Oechel, W. C.: 1997, 'Effects of Micrometeorology on the CO2 Budget in Mid-summer over the Arctic Tundra at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska', J. Agric. Meteorol. 53, 1–10.
Yoshimoto, M., Harazono, Y., Vourlitis, G. L., and Oechel, W. C.: 1996b, 'The Heat and Water Budgets in the Active Layer of the Arctic Tundra at Barrow, Alaska', J. Agric. Meteorol. 52, 293–300.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eugster, W., McFadden, J.P. & Chapin, F.S. A Comparative Approach to Regional Variation in Surface Fluxes Using Mobile Eddy Correlation Towers. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 85, 293–307 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000552311805
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000552311805