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Altered Gesture Imitation and Brain Anatomy in Adult Prader–Willi Syndrome Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2021

Assumpta Caixàs Open the ORCID record for Assumpta Caixàs [Opens in a new window] ,
Laura Blanco-Hinojo ,
Jesús Pujol ,
Joan Deus ,
Olga Giménez-Palop ,
David Torrents-Rodas ,
Ramon Coronas ,
Ramon Novell  and
Susanna Esteba-Castillo
Assumpta Caixàs*
Affiliation:
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
Laura Blanco-Hinojo
Affiliation:
MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Department of Psychiatry, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
Jesús Pujol
Affiliation:
MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Department of Psychiatry, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
Joan Deus
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Olga Giménez-Palop
Affiliation:
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
David Torrents-Rodas
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Ramon Coronas
Affiliation:
Mental Health Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain (CIBERSAM)
Ramon Novell
Affiliation:
Specialized Service in Mental Health and Intellectual Disability Department, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain Neurodevelopment Department group [Girona Biomedical Research Institute] – IDIBGI, Institute of Health Assistance (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain
Susanna Esteba-Castillo
Affiliation:
Specialized Service in Mental Health and Intellectual Disability Department, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain Neurodevelopment Department group [Girona Biomedical Research Institute] – IDIBGI, Institute of Health Assistance (IAS), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Girona, Spain
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Assumpta Caixàs, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, C/Parc Taulí nº1 08208Sabadell, Spain. E-mail: acaixas@tauli.cat
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Abstract

Objective:

To explore motor praxis in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) in comparison with a control group of people with intellectual disability (ID) and to examine the relationship with brain structural measurements.

Method:

Thirty adult participants with PWS and 132 with ID of nongenetic etiology (matched by age, sex, and ID level) were assessed using a comprehensive evaluation of the praxis function, which included pantomime of tool use, imitation of meaningful and meaningless gestures, motor sequencing, and constructional praxis.

Results:

Results support specific praxis difficulties in PWS, with worse performance in the imitation of motor actions and better performance in constructional praxis than ID peers. Compared with both control groups, PWS showed increased gray matter volume in sensorimotor and subcortical regions. However, we found no obvious association between these alterations and praxis performance. Instead, praxis scores correlated with regional volume measures in distributed apparently normal brain areas.

Conclusions:

Our findings are consistent in showing significant impairment in gesture imitation abilities in PWS and, otherwise, further indicate that the visuospatial praxis domain is relatively preserved. Praxis disability in PWS was not associated with a specific, focal alteration of brain anatomy. Altered imitation gestures could, therefore, be a consequence of widespread brain dysfunction. However, the specific contribution of key brain structures (e.g., areas containing mirror neurons) should be more finely tested in future research.

Keywords

Prader–Willi syndromePraxisGesture imitationMagnetic Resonance ImagingVoxel-based morphometryBrain anatomy
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Issue 10 , November 2021 , pp. 1024 - 1036
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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Footnotes

Assumpta Caixàs and Laura Blanco-Hinojo contributed equally to the work as co-first authors.

References

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