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New species of excavating sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae) on coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2011

José Antonio Cruz-Barraza ,
José Luis Carballo ,
Eric Bautista-Guerrero  and
Héctor Nava
José Antonio Cruz-Barraza*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México82000, PO Box 811 Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, km 107 Carretera Tijuana–Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
José Luis Carballo
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México82000, PO Box 811
Eric Bautista-Guerrero
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México82000, PO Box 811
Héctor Nava
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México82000, PO Box 811
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: J.A. Cruz-Barraza, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México82000, PO Box 811 email: joseantonio@ola.icmyl.unam.mx
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Abstract

Three new species of coral reef boring sponges were found in remote coral reefs from Revillagigedo Island, an archipelago that is 386 km from the continent. Cliona medinae sp. nov. is a sponge with orange-yellow papillae characterized by short almost straight spirasters. Cliona tropicalis sp. nov., is a yellow papillate sponge with a spicule complement similar to the species included in the Cliona viridis complex. However, the new species differs from the rest of the species mainly in its external morphology and by differences in the size and shape of spicules. Thoosa purpurea sp. nov. is characterized by its purple colour, and the spicular complement formed by tylostyles, two amphiaster categories, bi- tri- and tetra-radiate oxyasters and smooth or microspined centrotylote oxeas. In addition, Cliothosa tylostrongylata sp. nov. is also described from coral reefs from the southern Mexican Pacific Ocean. This is a light red species, with tylostyles and tylostrongyles as megascleres and ramose and nodulose amphiasters as microscleres. The four species were found exclusively excavating skeletons of live or dead corals of the genus Pocillopora. This study increases the number of boring sponges known from the Mexican Pacific Ocean to 22 species and it is the first study on marine sponge fauna from the Revillagigedo archipelago.

Keywords

taxonomyClionaidaeexcavating spongesEast Pacificcoral reefsRevillagigedo archipelago
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 91 , Issue 5 , August 2011 , pp. 999 - 1013
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2011

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