Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T13:39:18.927Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparative evaluation of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk-containing diets on biochemical and histological parameters of Wistar rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2023

Ravindra Semwal ,
Ankit Kumar ,
Ruchi Badoni Semwal ,
Ashutosh Chauhan ,
Sunil Kumar Joshi ,
Kumud Upadhyaya ,
Monika Shodhi  and
Deepak Kumar Semwal
Ravindra Semwal
Affiliation:
Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
Ankit Kumar*
Affiliation:
Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
Ruchi Badoni Semwal
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, VSKC Government Postgraduate College, Dakpathar 248125, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Ashutosh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
Sunil Kumar Joshi
Affiliation:
Department of Shalya Tantra, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar 249401, Uttarakhand, India
Kumud Upadhyaya
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Monika Shodhi
Affiliation:
Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
Deepak Kumar Semwal
Affiliation:
Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
*
Corresponding author: Deepak Kumar Semwal; Email: dr_dks.1983@yahoo.co.in
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This Research Communication aims to compare the effect of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk diets on the biochemical and histological parameters of rats. The rats were divided into four groups and fed with a normal diet, A2 milk powder, A1A2 or A2A2 cow milk diets for 90 d. Blood glucose, kidney function, liver function and lipid profile were examined during the experimental period. The study showed an increase in the body weight of the A1A2 group whereas a slight decrease in the A2A2 group, and blood glucose levels increased from d 0 to day 90 in all experimental groups. However, none of these changes were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant changes were recorded in other parameters (serum glutamic pyruvic transferase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase for liver function, bilirubin direct, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid). The histology of the liver, kidney and pancreas also showed no changes in all groups. Overall, this study revealed no significant difference in the nutritional values of A1A2 and A2A2 milk types and hence equally beneficial for health. Although the present study showed no significant difference in the effect of both milk types in 90 d, further studies might be conducted to evaluate their longer term effects.

Keywords

A1/A2 alleleA1A2/A2A2 genotypeBadri cow milkβ-caseinβ-casomorphin-7
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 90 , Issue 4 , November 2023 , pp. 413 - 417
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brooke-Taylor, S, Dwyer, K, Woodford, K and Kost, N (2017) Systematic review of the gastrointestinal effects of A1 compared with A2 beta-casein. Advances in Nutrition 8, 739–748.10.3945/an.116.013953CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cade, R, Privette, M, Fregly, M, Rowland, N, Sun, Z, Zele, V, Wagemaker, H and Edelstein, C (2000) Autism and schizophrenia: intestinal disorders. Nutritional Neuroscience 3, 57–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eller, LK and Reimer, RA (2010) Dairy protein attenuates weight gain in obese rats better than whey or casein alone. Obesity 18, 704–711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elliott, RB, Harris, DP, Hill, JP, Bibby, NJ and Wasmuth, HE (1999) Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk: casein variant consumption. Diabetologia 42, 292–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopinath, B, Harris, DC, Flood, VM, Burlutsky, G and Mitchell, P (2016) Associations between dairy food consumption and chronic kidney disease in older adults. Scientific Reports 6, 39532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guantario, B, Giribaldi, M, Devirgiliis, C, Finamore, A, Colombino, E, Capucchio, MT, Evangelista, R, Motta, V, Zinno, P, Cirrincione, S, Antoniazzi, S, Cavallarin, L and Roselli, M (2020) A comprehensive evaluation of the impact of bovine milk containing different beta-casein profiles on gut health of ageing mice. Nutrients 12, 2147.10.3390/nu12072147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joshi, SK, Semwal, R, Kumar, A, Chauhan, A and Semwal, DK (2021) Indian Cow and A2 beta-casein – a scientific perspective on health benefits. Journal of Conventional Knowledge and Holistic Health 5, 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalergis, M, Leung Yinko, SSL and Nedelcu, R (2013) Dairy products and prevention of type 2 diabetes: implications for research and practice. Frontiers in Endocrinology 4, 90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, A, Semwal, R, Chauhan, A, Semwal, RB, Chandra, S, Sircar, D, Roy, P and Semwal, DK (2022) Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Cissampelos pareira L. (Menispermaceae) root extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats via targeting SGLT2 inhibition. Phytomedicine Plus 2, 100374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lordan, R, Tsoupras, A, Mitra, B and Zabetakis, I (2018) Dairy fats and cardiovascular disease: do we really need to be concerned? Foods (basel, Switzerland) 7, 29.Google ScholarPubMed
McLachlan, CN (2001) Beta-casein A1, ischaemic heart disease mortality, and other illnesses. Medical Hypotheses 56, 262–272.10.1054/mehy.2000.1265CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukesh, M, Swami, S, Bhakhri, G, Chaudhary, V, Sharma, V, Goyal, N, Vivek, P, Dalal, V, Mohanty, AK, Kataria, RS, Kumari, P, Niranjan, SK and Sodhi, M (2022) Demographic pattern of A1/A2 beta casein variants indicates conservation of A2 type haplotype across native cattle breeds (Bos indicus) of India. 3 Biotech 12, 167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nuomin, , Nguyen, QD, Aodaohu, and Nishino, N (2022) Frequency of β-casein gene polymorphisms in Jersey Cows in Western Japan. Animals (Basel) 12, 2076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reeves, PG (1997) Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. Journal of Nutrition 127, 838S–841S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Şahin, Ö and Boztepe, S (2023) Assessment of A1 and A2 variants in the CNS2 gene of some cattle breeds by using ACRS-PCR method. Animal Biotechnology 34, 1505–1513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semwal, R, Joshi, SK, Semwal, RB, Sodhi, M, Upadhyaya, K and Semwal, DK (2022) Effects of A1 and A2 variants of β-casein on human health – is β-casomorphin-7 truly a harmful peptide in cow milk? Nutrire 47, 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sodhi, M, Mukesh, M, Kataria, RS, Mishra, BP and Joshii, BK (2012) Milk proteins and human health: A1/A2 milk hypothesis. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 16, 856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soenen, S, Rayner, CK, Jones, KL and Horowitz, M (2016) The ageing gastrointestinal tract. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 19, 12–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thorning, TK, Raben, A, Tholstrup, T, Soedamah-Muthu, SS, Givens, I and Astrup, A (2016) Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence. Food & Nutrition Research 60, 32527.10.3402/fnr.v60.32527CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Visioli, F and Strata, A (2014) Milk, dairy products, and their functional effects in humans: a narrative review of recent evidence. Advances in Nutrition 5, 131–143.10.3945/an.113.005025CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zoghbi, S, Trompette, A, Claustre, J, El Homsi, M, Garzon, J, Jourdan, G, Scoazec, JY and Plaisancie, P (2006) Beta-Casomorphin-7 regulates the secretion and expression of gastrointestinal mucins through a mu-opioid pathway. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, G1105–G1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Semwal et al. supplementary material

Semwal et al. supplementary material
Download Semwal et al. supplementary material(File)
File 196.2 KB