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Molecular phylogeny of Fordini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Pemphiginae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1 α and mitochondrial gene COI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2007

H.C. Zhang  and
G.X. Qiao
H.C. Zhang
Affiliation:
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Beisihuanxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
G.X. Qiao*
Affiliation:
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Beisihuanxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +86-10-64807099 E-mail: qiaogx@ioz.ac.cn
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Abstract

The tribe Fordini is a fascinating group because of its complicated life history, primary host specificity and gall-forming characteristic. Different species produce galls with different morphology on different parts of the host plants. The EF-1α-based, COI-based and combined sequences-based phylogenetic trees with three algorithms MP, ML and Bayes all strongly suggest that Fordini is a monophyletic group with two clades corresponding to two subtribes, Fordina and Melaphidina, each also monophyletic. Some important morphological characters and primary host plants of aphids were mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to analyse the division of subtribes and to uncover at which level the aphids correspond to their primary hosts, Pistacia and Rhus. Results suggest that the division of subtribes in Fordini is closely related to host selection of aphids. The evolution of gall morphology and the probable driving force behind it in this tribe were also discussed. The Fordini aphids seem to have evolved towards a better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce strong sinks and gain high reproductive success. Galls in this tribe evolved mainly along two directions to attain this goal: (i) by enlarging the gall from small bag to spherical, even big cauliflower-like, and changing the galls' location or forming two galls in their life cycle (Fordina); (ii) by moving the gall position from midrib, petiole of the leaflet, and eventually to the common petiole of the compound leaf (Melaphidina).

Keywords

Fordinimolecular phylogenysubtribehost specificitygall evolution
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 97 , Issue 4 , August 2007 , pp. 379 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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