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Emplacement and biodegradation of oil in fractured basement: the ‘coal’ deposit in Moinian gneiss at Castle Leod, Ross-shire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2017

John Parnell ,
Mas'ud Baba  and
Stephen Bowden
John Parnell
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK. Email: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk
Mas'ud Baba
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK. Email: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk
Stephen Bowden
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK. Email: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk
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Abstract

Bitumen veins were formerly mined as ‘coal’ from Moinian metamorphic basement at Castle Leod, Strathpeffer, Ross-shire. The abundance and spatial concentration of hydrocarbons implies generation of a large volume of oil that exerted a fluid pressure great enough to open veins to 1+ m width. Biomarker characteristics, including β-carotane and a high proportion of C28 steranes, correlate the bitumen to Lower Devonian non-marine shales separated from the Moinian basement by a major fault. Bitumen in the Moinian basement has higher diasterane/sterane ratios than bitumen in the Devonian sequence, indicating greater levels of biodegradation, which may reflect more interaction with water in the basement. Replacive bitumen nodules in the Moinian basement, containing thoriferous/uraniferous mineral phases, are comparable with bitumen nodules in basement terrains elsewhere. Formation of the nodules represents hydrocarbon penetration of low-permeability basement, consistent with high fluid pressure. Bitumen veins are particularly orientated E–W, and may be associated with E–W transfer faults attributed to Permo-Carboniferous basin inversion.

Keywords

Basement reservoirbitumenfractured reservoiroil migration
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 107 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 23 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2017 

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