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Transdisciplinary science for improved conservation outcomes

Part of: Multi-dimensionality of the biodiversity crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2020

Chris Margules ,
Agni K Boedhihartono ,
James D Langston ,
Rebecca A Riggs Open the ORCID record for Rebecca A Riggs [Opens in a new window] ,
Dwi Amalia Sari ,
Sahotra Sarkar ,
Jeffrey A Sayer ,
Jatna Supriatna  and
Nurul L Winarni
Chris Margules
Affiliation:
Institute for Sustainable Earth & Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Java Barat 16424, Indonesia College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland4870, Australia Tanah Air Beta, TingTingYeh, Wongaya Gede, Bali 82152, Indonesia
Agni K Boedhihartono
Affiliation:
Tanah Air Beta, TingTingYeh, Wongaya Gede, Bali 82152, Indonesia Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
James D Langston
Affiliation:
Tanah Air Beta, TingTingYeh, Wongaya Gede, Bali 82152, Indonesia Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
Rebecca A Riggs*
Affiliation:
College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland4870, Australia Tanah Air Beta, TingTingYeh, Wongaya Gede, Bali 82152, Indonesia Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
Dwi Amalia Sari
Affiliation:
College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland4870, Australia The Supreme Audit Board of Indonesia, Jln Jend, Gatot Subroto No. 31, Jakarta Pusat 10210, Indonesia
Sahotra Sarkar
Affiliation:
Departments of Integrative Biology and Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Jeffrey A Sayer
Affiliation:
Tanah Air Beta, TingTingYeh, Wongaya Gede, Bali 82152, Indonesia Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
Jatna Supriatna
Affiliation:
Institute for Sustainable Earth & Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Java Barat 16424, Indonesia Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
Nurul L Winarni
Affiliation:
Institute for Sustainable Earth & Resources, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Java Barat 16424, Indonesia Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Rebecca A Riggs, Email: rebecca.riggs@my.jcu.edu.au
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Summary

Major advances in biology and ecology have sharpened our understanding of what the goals of biodiversity conservation might be, but less progress has been made on how to achieve conservation in the complex, multi-sectoral world of human affairs. The failure to deliver conservation outcomes is especially severe in the rapidly changing landscapes of tropical low-income countries. We describe five techniques we have used to complement and strengthen long-term attempts to achieve conservation outcomes in the landscapes and seascapes of such regions; these are complex social-ecological systems shaped by interactions between biological, ecological and physical features mediated by the actions of people. Conservation outcomes occur as a result of human decisions and the governance arrangements that guide change. However, much conservation science in these countries is not rooted in a deep understanding of how these social-ecological systems work and what really determines the behaviour of the people whose decisions shape the future of landscapes. We describe five scientific practices that we have found to be effective in building relationships with actors in landscapes and influencing their behaviour in ways that reconcile conservation and development. We have used open-ended inductive enquiry, theories of change, simulation models, network analysis and multi-criteria analysis. These techniques are all widely known and well tested, but seldom figure in externally funded conservation projects. We have used these techniques to complement and strengthen existing interventions of international conservation agencies. These five techniques have proven effective in achieving deeper understanding of context, engagement with all stakeholders, negotiation of shared goals and continuous learning and adaptation.

Keywords

inductive researchlandscapemulti-criteria analysisnetwork analysissimulation modelstheories of changetransdisciplinary
Type
Subject Review
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , December 2020 , pp. 224 - 233
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Foundation for Environmental Conservation

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