Modernism and postmodernism are characterized by their heightened consciousness of the influence of the past on the present. Modernist arrangements of older music, such as those by Schoenberg, Webern, Berg and Stravinsky, frequently display an unconscious tension between composer and arranger in the often veiled interpretation of the past in the light of the present. Postmodern arrangements, on the other hand, are often more overt in their allusiveness to the original: hence it is possible clearly to discern, within arrangements by such composers as Henze and Berio, Maxwell Davies and Birtwistle, an explicitly individual balance of past and present, an attitude which preserves the spirit of the original by means of a consciously creative interpretation.