Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T00:35:16.324Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dissipation and breakdown of a wing-tip vortex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

A. Mager
Affiliation:
The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California

Abstract

The solutions of the incompressible quasi-cylindrical momentum-integral equations describing the flow in the viscous core of a wing-tip vortex are obtained in a closed form and are shown to have two distinct branches. The discontinuities of these solutions have infinite axial gradients and therefore, following Hall, are assumed to signal the inception of the vortex breakdown. Benjamin's finite transition, with its excess flow force dissipated, is shown to give results equivalent to a sudden cross-over, upstream of the discontinuity, from one branch solution to another. The critical point of such a cross-over is downstream from the cross-over, at the discontinuity. Sarpkaya's experimental data, and the nature of the solutions ahead of the discontinuity, suggest that the physical manifestation of the discontinuity is the spiral breakdown, whereas the cross-over seems to be related to the rapidly expanding and subsequently contracting axisymmetric bubble. This therefore implies that the beginning of the spiral breakdown is the all important disturbance which triggers off not only the downstream asymmetric departure of the flow from its quasi-cylindrical form but also the formation of the upstream axisymmetric cross-over bubble. Solutions for the turbulent flow downstream from the spiral breakdown indicate that the wing-tip vortex breakdown can result in an appreciable reduction of the maximum circumferential velocity and should thus lessen the danger that trailing vortices present to following aircraft.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 1972 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benjamin, T. B. 1962 Theory of the vortex breakdown phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 14, 593629.Google Scholar
Bossel, H. H. 1968 Stagnation criterion for vortex flows. A.I.A.A. J. 6, 11921193.Google Scholar
Bossel, H. H. 1970 Use of exponentials in the integral solution of the parabolic equations of boundary-layer, wake, jet and vortex flows. J. Comp. Phys. 5, 359382.Google Scholar
Bossel, H. H. 1971 Vortex computation by the method of weighted residuals using exponentials. A.I.A.A. J. 9, 20272034.Google Scholar
Fraenkel, L. E. 1956 On the flow of rotating fluid past bodies in a pipe. Proc. Roy. Soc. A233, 506526.Google Scholar
Gartshore, I. S. 1962 Recent work in swirling incompressible flow. Nat. Res. Lab. Can. Rep. LR–343.Google Scholar
Gartshore, I. S. 1963 Some numerical solutions for the viscous core of an irrotational vortex. Nat. Res. Counc. Can., Aero. Rep. LR–378.Google Scholar
Goldstein, S. (ed.) 1950 Modern Developments in Fluid Dynamics, vol. II, pp. 571574. Oxford University Press.
Hall, M. G. 1965 A numerical method for solving the equations for a vortex core. Min. Tech. Lond. R. & M. no. 3467.Google Scholar
Hall, M. G. 1966 The structure of concentrated vortex cores. Progress in Aeronautical Science (ed. D. Kucheman), vol. 7, pp. 53110. Pergamon.
Hall, M. G. 1967 A new approach to vortex breakdown. Proc. 1967 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute, pp. 319340. Stanford University Press.
Harvey, J. K. 1962 Some observations of the vortex breakdown phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 14, 585592.Google Scholar
Hawkes, J. W. 1969 A simple model for the vortex breakdown phenomenon. M.S. thesis, Dept. Aero. and Astro., MIT.
Hummel, D. 1965 Untersuchungen über das Aufplatzen der Wirbel an schlanken Deltaflügeln. Z. Flugwiss. 13, 158168.Google Scholar
King, W. S. 1967 A theoretical investigation of swirling flows through a nozzle. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Lewellen, W. S. 1970 A review of confined vortex flows. MIT Space Propulsion Lab. Rep. no. 701.
Mager, A. 1971a Incompressible, viscous, swirling flow through a nozzle. A.I.A.A. J. 9, 649655.Google Scholar
Mager, A. 1971b Solution across vortex breakdown. Aerospace Rep. ATR–71(9999)–1.
Morton, B. R. 1969 The strength of vortex and swirling core flows. J. Fluid Mech. 38, 315333.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1971 On stationary and travelling vortex breakdown. J. Fluid Mech. 45, 545559.Google Scholar