Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, Indonesia and the Creation of Malaysia

Matthew Jones

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497346

In the early 1960s, Britain and the United States were still trying to come to terms with the powerful forces of indigenous nationalism unleashed by the Second World War. The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation - a crisis which was, as Macmillan remarked to Kennedy, 'as dangerous a situation in Southeast Asia as we have seen since the war' - was a complex test of Anglo-American relations. As American commitment to Vietnam accelerated under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, Britain was involving herself in an 'end-of-empire' exercise in state-building which had important military and political implications for both nations. In this book Matthew Jones provides a detailed insight into the origins, outbreak and development of this important episode in international history; using a large range of previously unavailable archival sources, he illuminates the formation of the Malaysian federation, Indonesia's violent opposition to the state and the Western Powers' attempts to deal with the resulting conflict.

Review of the hardback:‘… this book is a highly commendable and competent piece of original research. It is an important record of the contemporary events which have shaped modern Southeast Asia, throwing light on a period of flux and conflict that the present can relate to given recent events in Indonesia.’

Source: International Affairs

Review of the hardback:‘Seldom, I believe, can a reviewer by accident have the opportunity to confirm that the quotations and other details are accurate, and that the analysis is sound. Readers will find a fresh and revealing account of the conflict between Malaysia and Singapore as well as the uneasy relations between the leaders of the two countries, the Tunku Abdul Rahman and Lee Kuan Yew. … As a study in international history, Conflict and Confrontation is worthy of Thorne’s own Allies of a Kind.’

Source: The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

Review of the hardback:‘… it is hard to see any treatment of British and American strategies surpassing this excellent study.’

Source: Diplomacy and Statecraft

Review of the hardback:‘Jones has written a readable, well-researched piece of work, with an intelligent and convincing line of analysis and a good eye for detail.’

Source: The International History Review

Review of the hardback:'This is a massive and important work of scholarship.'

Source: Near Eastern Studies

Review of the hardback:‘… makes exemplary and lucid use of a large range of primary sources, among them British government records opened during the 1990s … even transcripts of telephone conversations.’

Source: English Historical Review

Review of the hardback:‘Meticulously researched, clearly written and cogently argued, this book is a major contribution to the international history of maritime Southeast Asia.

Source: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde

Review of the hardback:'Jones's book is essential reading for those who wish to understand the realities behind the rhetoric that masked the motives and actions of the politicians in Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, London, and Washington as they maneuvered to shape island Southeast Asia into a form that accorded with their individual priorities. Scattered too within his account are flashes of clarifying honesty and insight by the actors themselves into the actual situation that are usually concealed by policy needs and ideological imperatives. … Jones's meticulous analysis of so many of the relevant documents provides a firm bas from which to view the Southeast Asia that emerged from this period of turbulence into a form that basically endured for the rest of the twentieth century.'

Source: Indonesia

References

Bibliography

UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS

Public Record Office, Kew, London

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 21, Cabinet Office registered files

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 128, Cabinet minutes

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 129, Cabinet memoranda

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 130, Cabinet committees (GEN and MISC series)

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 131, Defence Committee

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 133, International and Commonwealth conferences

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 134, Cabinet committees

Cabinet (Cabinet papers at the PRO) 148, Defence and Oversea Policy Committee

Colonial Office 1030, Colonial Office, Far Eastern Department, original correspondence

DEFE 7, Ministry of Defence, registered files

DEFE 11, Chiefs of Staff Committee, registered files

DEFE 13, Ministry of Defence private office papers

DEFE 32, Secretary's standard files

Dominions Office 169, Commonwealth Relations Office, Far East and Pacific Department, registered files

Foreign Office 371, Foreign Office, general political correspondence

Foreign Office 800, Private collections, ministers and officials

Foreign Office 1091, Commissioner General for South East Asia, registered files

Foreign Office 1109, Papers of R. A. Butler

Premier (Prime Minister's Office files at the PRO) 11, Prime Minister's Office, 1951–1964

Premier (Prime Minister's Office files at the PRO) 13, Prime Minister's Office, 1964–1970

Churchill College, Cambridge

Papers of Sir Andrew Gilchrist

Papers of Patrick Gordon Walker

Trinity College, Cambridge

Papers of R. A. Butler

Bodleian Library, Oxford

Papers of Harold Macmillan

Rhodes House Library, Oxford

Papers of Sir William Goode, MSS. Indian Ocean s.323

Papers of Sir Alexander Waddell, MSS. Pacific s.105

Nigel Fisher Oral History, MSS. British Empire, s.452

United States National Archives, College Park

Record Group 59, Department of State Records, Central Decimal, Subject-Numeric and Lot Files

Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division, Washington DC

Papers of W. Averell Harriman

Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas

Ann Whitman File, National Security Council series

John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts

National Security File

President's Office File

Papers of Roger Hilsman

Papers of Robert F. Kennedy

Papers of Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr

Papers of James C. Thomson

Oral Histories: Charles Baldwin, Richard M. Bissell, Lord Harlech (David Ormsby Gore), W. Averell Harriman, Roger Hilsman, Robert Komer, U. Alexis Johnson, Robert Johnson, Howard P. Jones, Carl Kaysen, J. Herman Van Roijen, Walt W. Rostow, William H. Sullivan

Lyndon B. Johnson Library, Austin, Texas

National Security File

Special Files, tapes and transcripts of telephone conversations, 1963–4

PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS

United States

Congressional Record, 1963, vol. 109, part 6 (Washington, 1963)

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, vol. XII, East Asia and the Pacific, part 1 (Washington, 1984). Volumes in the Foreign Relations of the United States series are hereafter indicated by FRUS

FRUS, 1958–1960, vol. XVI, East Asia–Pacific Region; Cambodia; Laos (Washington, 1992)

FRUS, 1958–1960, vol. XVII, Indonesia (Washington, 1994)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. I, Vietnam 1961 (Washington, 1988)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. II, Vietnam 1962 (Washington, 1990)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. III, Vietnam, January–August 1963 (Washington, 1991)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. IV, Vietnam, August–December 1963 (Washington, 1991)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy (Washington, 1996)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. XXIII, Southeast Asia (Washington, 1994)

FRUS, 1961–1963, vol. XXIV, Laos Crisis (Washington, 1994)

FRUS, 1964–1968, vol. I, Vietnam, 1964 (Washington, 1992)

FRUS, 1964–1968, vol. II, Vietnam, January–June 1965 (Washington, 1996)

FRUS, 1964–1968, vol. III, Vietnam, June–December 1965 (Washington, 1996)

The Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy, 1961 (Washington, 1962)

The Public Papers of the Presidents: John F. Kennedy, 1962 (Washington, 1963)

The Public Papers of the Presidents, John F. Kennedy, 1963 (Washington, 1964)

Great Britain

Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 5th series, vol. 650

Hansard, House of Lords Debates, 5th series, vol. 253

Report of the Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo and Sarawak, 1962, Cmnd 1794 (London, 1962)

Malaysia, Report of the Inter-Governmental Committee, 1962, Cmnd 1954 (London, 1963)

Malaysia: Agreement concluded between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore, Cmnd 2094 (London, 1963)

Supplementary Agreement Relating to Malaysia, supplement to Cmnd 2094 (London, 1963)

Malaysia

Malaya/Indonesia Relations, 31st August 1957 to 15th September 1963 (Kuala Lumpur, 1963)

Malaya/Philippine Relations, 31st August 1957 to 15th September 1963 (Kuala Lumpur, 1964)

Malaysia's Case in the United Nations Security Council: Documents reproduced from the official record of the Security Council proceedings (Kuala Lumpur, 1964)

Indonesian Aggression Against Malaysia, vol. 2 (Kuala Lumpur, 1965)

British Documents on the End of Empire Project

Goldsworthy, David (ed.), The Conservative Government and the End of Empire, 1951–1957, Part I: International Relations (London, 1994)

Goldsworthy, David The Conservative Government and the End of Empire, 1951–1957, Part II: Politics and Administration (London, 1994)

Stockwell, A. J. (ed.), Malaya, Part I: The Malayan Union Experiment, 1942–1948 (London, 1995)

Stockwell, A. J. Malaya, Part II: The Communist Insurrection, 1948–1953 (London, 1995)

Stockwell, A. J. Malaya, Part III: The Alliance Route to Independence, 1953–1957 (London, 1995)

Other

Boyce, Peter (ed.), Malaysia and Singapore in International Diplomacy: Documents and Commentaries (Sydney, 1968)

Gullick, John M. (ed.), Malaysia and its Neighbours (New York, 1967)

Mansergh, Nicholas (ed.), Documents and Speeches on Commonwealth Affairs, 1952–1962 (London, 1963)

BOOKS

Abramson, Rudy, Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891–1986 (New York, 1992)

Aldous, Richard, and Lee, Sabine (eds.), Harold Macmillan: Aspects of a Political Life (London, 1999)

Allen, J. de V., The Malayan Union (New Haven, 1967)

Allen, Richard, Malaysia: Prospect and Retrospect (Oxford, 1968)

Anderson, Benedict O., Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1991)

Ball, George W., The Past Has Another Pattern (New York, 1982)

Barclay, Glen St J., Friends in High Places: Australian–American Diplomatic Relations since 1945 (Melbourne, 1985)

Berman, Larry, Planning a Tragedy: The Americanization of the War in Vietnam (New York, 1982)

Beschloss, Michael R., Kennedy v. Khrushchev: The Crisis Years, 1960–1963 London, 1991)

Bird, Kai, The Color of Truth: McGeorge and William Bundy: Brothers in Arms (New York, 1998)

Bowles, Chester, Promises to Keep: My Years in Public Life, 1941–1969 (New York, 1971)

Brands, H. W., The Wages of Globalism: Lyndon Johnson and the Limits of American Power (New York, 1995)

Buszynski, Leszek, South East Asia Treaty Organization: The Failure of an Alliance Strategy (Singapore, 1983)

Cable, James, The Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina (London, 1986)

Cady, John F., Post-War South East Asia (Washington, 1974)

Chang, Gordon H., Friends and Enemies: The United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948–1972 (Stanford, 1990)

Chin Kin Wah, The Defence of Malaysia and Singapore: The Transformation of a Security System, 1957–1971 (Cambridge, 1983)

Chin Ung-Ho, Chinese Politics in Sarawak: A Study of the Sarawak United People's Party (Oxford, 1996)

Clark, Ian, Nuclear Diplomacy and the Special Relationship: America and Britain's Deterrent, 1957–1962 (Oxford, 1994)

Clutterbuck, Richard, Riot and Revolution in Singapore and Malaya, 1945–63 (London, 1973)

Cohen, Warren I., Dean Rusk (New Jersey, 1980)

Cohen, Warren I., and Iriye, Akira (eds.), The Great Powers in East Asia, 1953–1960 (New York, 1990)

Cohen, Warren I., and Tucker, Nancy B. (eds.), Lyndon Johnson Confronts the World: American Foreign Policy, 1963–1968 (Cambridge, 1994)

Colbert, Evelyn, Southeast Asia in International Relations, 1941–1956 (Ithaca, 1977)

Colby, William, and Forbath, Peter, Honourable Men: My Life in the Central Intelligence Agency (London, 1978)

Conboy, Kenneth, and Morrison, James, Feet to the Fire: Central Intelligence Agency Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958 (Annapolis, 1999)

Crouch, Harold, The Army and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, 1978)

Dallek, Robert, Lone Star Rising: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1908–1960 (New York, 1991)

Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York, 1998)

Darby, Philip, British Defence Policy East of Suez, 1947–1968 (London, 1973)

Darwin, John, Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World (London, 1988)

Dunbabin, J. P. D., The Post-Imperial Age: The Great Powers and the Wider World (London, 1994)

Edwards, Peter, Crises and Commitments: The Politics and Diplomacy of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts, 1948–1965 (Sydney, 1992)

Feith, Herbert, The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia (Ithaca, 1962)

Gaddis, John L., Strategies of Containment (Oxford, 1982)

Galbraith, John K., Ambassador's Journal (Boston, 1969)

Gardner, Lloyd C., Approaching Vietnam: From World War II through Dienbienphu (New York, 1988)

Gardner, Paul F., Shared Hopes, Separate Fears: Fifty Years of US–Indonesian Relations (Boulder, 1997)

Giglio, James N., The Presidency of John F. Kennedy (Lawrence, 1991)

Green, Marshall, Indonesia: Crisis and Transformation, 1965–1968 (Washington, 1990)

Gullick, John M., Malaysia (London, 1969)

Guthman, Edwin O., and Shulman, Jeffrey (eds.), Robert Kennedy In His Own Words (London, 1988)

Halberstam, David, The Best and the Brightest (London, 1972)

Hanna, Williard A., The Formation of Malaysia (American Universities Field Staff, 1964)

Harper, T. N., The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya (Cambridge, 1999)

Healey, Denis, The Time of My Life (London, 1989)

Herring, George C., America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–75 (London, 1979)

Hess, Gary R., The United States' Emergence as a Southeast Asian Power, 1940–1950 (New York, 1987)

Hilsman, Roger, To Move A Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy (New York, 1967)

Hogan, Michael J. (ed.), America in the World: The Historiography of American Foreign Relations since 1941 (Cambridge, 1995)

Horne, Alistair, Macmillan, 1957–1986 (London, 1989)

Howard, Anthony, RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler (London, 1987)

Immerman, Richard H. (ed.), The Diplomacy of John Foster Dulles (Princeton, 1990)

Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made: Acheson, Bohlen, Harriman, Kennan, Lovett, McCloy, (New York, 1986)

Jackson, Robert, The Malayan Emergency: The Commonwealth's Wars, 1948–1966 (London, 1991)

Jones, Howard P., Indonesia: The Possible Dream (New York, 1971)

Kahin, Audrey R. and Kahin, George McT., Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia (New York, 1995)

Kahin, George McT. (ed.), Major Governments of Southeast Asia, 2nd edn (Ithaca, 1963)

Kaplan, Lawrence S., Artaud, Denise and Rubin, Mark R. (eds.), Dien Bien Phu and the Crisis of Franco American Relations, 1954–1955 (Wilmington, 1990)

Karnow, Stanley J., Vietnam: A History (New York, 1983)

Karnow, Stanley J. In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines (New York, 1989)

Kennedy, John F., The Strategy of Peace (New York, 1960)

Knapp, Wilfrid, A History of War and Peace, 1939–1965 (Oxford, 1967)

Kunz, Diane B. (ed.), The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations During the 1960s (New York, 1994)

Lamb, Richard, The Macmillan Years, 1957–1963: The Emerging Truth (London, 1995)

Lau, Albert, The Malayan Union Controversy, 1942–1948 (Singapore, 1991)

Lau, Albert A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagement (Singapore, 1998)

Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew (Singapore, 1998)

Legge, J. D., Sukarno: A Political Biography (London, 1972)

Leifer, Michael, The Philippine Claim to Sabah (London, 1967)

Leifer, Michael The Foreign Relations of New States (Camberwell, 1974)

Leifer, Michael Indonesia's Foreign Policy (London, 1983)

Leifer, Michael (ed.), Constraints and Adjustments in British Foreign Policy (London, 1972)

Lev, Daniel S., The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957–1959 (Ithaca, 1966)

Logevall, Fredrik, Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of the War in Vietnam (Berkeley, 1999)

Louis, Wm Roger and Bull, Hedley (eds.), The ‘Special Relationship’: Anglo-American Relations since 1945 (Oxford, 1986)

Lowe, Peter, Containing the Cold War in East Asia: British Policies towards Japan, China and Korea, 1948–53 (Manchester, 1997)

Mackie, J. A. C., Konfrontasi: The Indonesia–Malaysia Dispute, 1963–1966 (Kuala Lumpur, 1974)

Macmillan, Harold, Pointing the Way, 1959–1961 (London, 1972)

Macmillan, Harold At the End of the Day, 1961–1963 (London, 1973)

Maga, Timothy P., John F. Kennedy and the New Pacific Community, 1961–63 (London, 1990)

Maga, Timothy P. John F. Kennedy and New Frontier Diplomacy, 1961–1963 (Malabar, 1994)

McMahon, Robert J., Colonialism and Cold War: The United States and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence, 1945–1949 (Ithaca, 1981)

McMahon, Robert J. The Limits of Empire: The United States and Southeast Asia since World War II (New York, 1999)

Means, Gordon P., Malaysian Politics (London, 1970)

Milne, R. S., Government and Politics in Malaysia (Boston, 1967)

Mohamed Noordin Sopiee, From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation: Political Unification in the Malaysia Region, 1945–65 (Kuala Lumpur, 1974)

Morgan, Kenneth O., Callaghan: A Life (Oxford, 1997)

Mortimer, Rex, Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965 (Ithaca, 1974)

Nagai, Yonosuke, and Iriye, Akira (eds.), The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (Oxford, 1977)

Osborne, Milton E., Singapore and Malaysia (Ithaca, 1964)

Paterson, Thomas G. (ed.), Kennedy's Quest for Victory: American Foreign Policy, 1961–1963 Oxford, 1989)

Pickering, Jeffrey, Britain's Withdrawal from East of Suez: The Politics of Retrenchment (London, 1998)

Pierce, Robert (ed.), Patrick Gordon Walker: Political Diaries, 1932–1971 (London, 1991)

Pluvier, Jan M., Confrontations: A Study in Indonesian Politics (Kuala Lumpur, 1965)

Pluvier, Jan M. South-East Asia from Colonialism to Independence (Kuala Lumpur, 1974)

Pocock, Tom, Fighting General: The Public and Private Campaigns of General Sir Walter Walker (London, 1973)

Ponting, Clive, Breach of Promise: Labour in Power, 1964–70 (London, 1990)

Porritt, Vernon L., British Colonial Rule in Sarawak, 1946–1963 (Kuala Lumpur, 1997)

Prados, John, The Keepers of the Keys: A History of the National Security Council from Truman to Bush (New York, 1991)

Ratnam, K. J., and Milne, R. S., The Malayan Parliamentary Election of 1964 (Singapore, 1967)

Reeves, Richard, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (New York, 1993)

Rostow, Walt W., The Diffusion of Power: An Essay on Recent History (New York, 1972)

Rotter, Andrew J., The Path to Vietnam: Origins of the American Commitment to Southeast Asia (Ithaca, 1987)

Rubinstein, Alvin Z. (ed.), Soviet and Chinese Influence in the Third World (London, 1975)

Rust, William J., Kennedy in Vietnam: American Vietnam Policy, 1960–63 (New York, 1985)

Sampson, Anthony, Macmillan: A Study in Ambiguity (London, 1967)

Schlesinger Jr, Arthur M., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (London, 1965)

Schlesinger Jr, Arthur M. Robert Kennedy and His Times (London, 1978)

Schoenbaum, Thomas J., Waging Peace and War: Dean Rusk in the Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (New York, 1988)

Shapley, Deborah, Promise and Power: The Life and Times of Robert McNamara (Boston, 1993)

Sharma, Archana, British Policy Towards Malaysia, 1957–67 (London, 1993)

Sheehan, Neil, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam, (London, 1988)

Short, Anthony, The Communist Insurrection in Malaya, 1948–1960 (London, 1975)

Singh, Anita Inder, The Limits of British Influence: South Asia and the Anglo-American Relationship, 1947–56 (London, 1993)

Smith, R. B., An International History of the Vietnam War, vol. I: Revolution versus Containment, 1955–61 (London, 1983)

Smith, R. B. An International History of the Vietnam War, vol. II: The Struggle for South-East Asia, 1961–65 (London, 1985)

Smith, R. B. An International History of the Vietnam War, vol. III: The Making of a Limited War, 1965–66 (London, 1991)

Sorenson, Theodore, Kennedy (London, 1965)

Steinberg, David J. (ed.), In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History (Honolulu, 1987)

Stockwell, A. J., British Policy and Malay Politics during the Malayan Union Experiment, 1942–48 (Kuala Lumpur, 1979)

Subritzky, John, Confronting Sukarno: British, American, Australian and New Zealand Diplomacy in the Malaysian–Indonesian Confrontation, 1961–5 (London, 2000)

Tarling, Nicholas (ed.), The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, vol. II (Cambridge, 1992)

Taylor, Jay, China and Southeast Asia: Peking's Relations with Revolutionary Movements (London, 1976)

Thorne, Christopher, Allies of a Kind: Britain, the United States and the War Against Japan, 1941–1945 (London, 1978)

Thorne, Christopher The Issue of War: States, Societies, and the Far Eastern Conflict of 1941–1945 (London, 1985)

Turnbull, C. M., A History of Singapore, 1819–1975 (Kuala Lumpur, 1977)

White, Mark J. (ed.), Kennedy: The New Frontier Revisited (London, 1998)

Wilson, Harold, The Labour Government, 1964–70: A Personal Record (London, 1971)

Yahuda, Michael, China's Role in World Affairs (London, 1978)

Ziegler, Philip, Wilson: The Authorised Life (London, 1993)

ARTICLES

Ball, Simon J., ‘Selkirk in Singapore’, Twentieth Century British History, 10, 2, 1999

Beckett, Ian F. W., ‘Robert Thompson and the British Advisory Mission to South Vietnam, 1961–1965’, Small Wars and Insurgencies, 8, 3, 1997

Brands, H. W., ‘The Limits of Manipulation: How the United States Didn't Topple Sukarno’, Journal of American History, 76, 3, 1989

Bunnell, Frederick P., ‘The Central Intelligence Agency – Deputy Directorate for Plans 1961 Secret Memorandum on Indonesia: a Study in the Politics of Policy Formulation in the Kennedy Administration’, Indonesia, 1981

Bunnell, Frederick P. ‘American “Low Posture” Toward Indonesia in the Months Leading up to the 1965 Coup’, Indonesia, 1990

Dumbrell, John, ‘The Johnson Administration and the British Labour Government: Vietnam, the Pound and East of Suez’, Journal of American Studies, 30, 2, 1996

Holland, Robert F., ‘The Imperial Factor in British Strategies from Attlee to Macmillan, 1945–63’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 12, 1984

Jones, Gareth, ‘Sukarno's Early Views on the Territorial Boundaries of Indonesia’, Australian Outlook, 18, 1964

Jones, Matthew, “Maximum Disavowable Aid”: Britain, the United States and the Indonesian Rebellion, 1957–58', English Historical Review, 114, 459, 1999

Jones, Matthew ‘Creating Malaysia: Singapore Security, the Borneo Territories and the Contours of British Policy, 1961–63’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 28, 2, 2000

Kahin, George McT., ‘Malaysia and Indonesia’, Pacific Affairs, 37, 3, 1964

Leifer, Michael, ‘Anglo-American Differences over Malaysia’, The World Today, 20, 4, 1964

Logevall, Fredrik, ‘De Gaulle, Neutralization and American Involvement in Vietnam, 1963–1964’, Pacific Historical Review, 41, 1992

Louis, Wm. Roger, and Robinson, Ronald, ‘The Imperialism of Decolonization’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 22, 3, 1994

Sopiee, Mohamed Noordin, ‘The Advocacy of Malaysia before 1961’, Modern Asian Studies, 7, 4, 1973

Paterson, Thomas G., ‘Bearing the Burden: a Critical Look at John F. Kennedy's Foreign Policy’, The Virginia Quarterly Review, 54, 2, 1978

Scott, Peter Dale, ‘The US and the Overthrow of Sukarno, 1965–1967’, Pacific Affairs, 58, 2, 1985

Sodhy, P., ‘Malaysian–United States Relations during Indonesia's Confrontation against Malaysia, 1963–1966’, Journal of South East Asian Studies, 19, 1, 1988

Stockwell, A. J., ‘Colonial Planning during World War Two: the Case of Malaya’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2, 3, 1974

Stockwell, A. J. ‘British Imperial Policy and Decolonisation in Malaya, 1942–52’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 13, 1, 1984

Stockwell, A. J. ‘Malaysia: the Making of a Neo-Colony?’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 26, 2, 1998

Tilman, Robert O., ‘Elections in Sarawak’, Asian Survey, 3, 10, 1963

Warner, Geoffrey, ‘The United States and Vietnam: from Kennedy to Johnson’, International Affairs, 73, 2, 1997

OTHER WORK

Bunnell, Frederick P., ‘The Kennedy Initiatives in Indonesia, 1962–1963’, unpublished PhD thesis, Cornell University, 1969

Easter, David, ‘British Defence Policy in South East Asia and the Confrontation, 1960–66’, unpublished PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science, 1998

Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965

Britain, the United States, Indonesia and the Creation of Malaysia

This Book has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

Book description

Reviews

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi

Contents
pp vii-viii

List of maps
pp ix-x

Preface and acknowledgements
pp xi-xv

List of abbreviations
pp xvi-xvii

South East Asia
pp xviii-xix

Indonesia and Malaysia
pp xx-xxii

Introduction: Britain, the United States and the South East Asian setting
pp 1-28

Part I - Build-up
pp 29-30

1 - The Kennedy Administration, Indonesia and the resolution of the West Irian crisis, 1961–1962
pp 31-60

2 - The Greater Malaysia scheme I: the move towards merger
pp 61-78

3 - The Greater Malaysia scheme II: the Cobbold Commission and the Borneo territories
pp 79-97

4 - Britain, Indonesia and Malaya: from West Irian to the Brunei revolt
pp 98-122

Part II - Outbreak
pp 123-124

5 - The emergence of confrontation: January–May 1963
pp 125-149

6 - The path to the Manila summit, May–July 1963
pp 150-171

7 - From the Manila summit to the creation of Malaysia: August–September 1963
pp 172-204

8 - Avoiding escalation, September–December 1963
pp 205-232

Part III - Denouement
pp 233-234

9 - The diplomacy of confrontation, Anglo-American relations and the Vietnam War, January–June 1964
pp 235-267

10 - Escalation, upheaval and reappraisal, July 1964–October 1965
pp 268-294

Conclusion: The Western presence in South East Asia by the 1960s
pp 295-304

Bibliography
pp 305-313

Index
pp 314-325

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Book summary page views