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Travertine deposits from along the South Tibetan Fault System near Nyalam, Tibet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2008

R. ZENTMYER ,
P. M. MYROW  and
D. L. NEWELL
R. ZENTMYER
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
P. M. MYROW*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
D. L. NEWELL
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MSCO3-2040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
*
†Author for correspondence: pmyrow@coloradocollege.edu
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Abstract

A newly investigated travertine deposit in southern Tibet provides a window into Holocene hydrological, geomorphic and climatic processes near the boundary of the Tibetan Plateau and High Himalaya. Travertine, deposited as a result of the degassing of CO2-rich groundwater as it emerges on the Earth's surface, is in many cases formed along the trace of major crustal-scale faults in primarily extensional tectonic regimes. A travertine platform measuring roughly 1 km by 0.5 km exists near the town of Nyalam in southern Tibet along a major Himalayan down-to-the-N normal fault, the South Tibetan Fault System. A wide variety of travertine depositional textures and features are recorded in the platform on a series of terraces. Active travertine deposition was observed from spring mounds and seeps along the base of the platform at the modern river level. Palaeotemperatures of spring water, calculated from δ18O of the travertine, range from 9 to 25 °C, which closely matches the temperatures recorded from modern springs in the area. A complex geomorphological landscape records interaction between growing alluvial fans, travertine accumulation, and a rapidly down-cutting river with associated fluvial terraces. River incision was contemporaneous with travertine deposition, as indicated by cemented fluvial river gravel layers interbedded with travertine. High 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the travertine (mean of 0.7168) indicate subsurface fluid interaction with radiogenic crystalline rocks of the underlying Greater Himalaya. Uranium-series ages of the travertine platform range from 5400 a (±950 a) to 11600 a (±1000 a), and indicate a younging progression from higher terraces near the valley wall to lower terraces at present-day river level. Travertine that overlies a river gravel terrace 18 m above river level formed at 11600 a. This date yields a local incision rate of 1.6 mm a−1, consistent with estimated fluvial incision rates in the High Himalaya. The range of our U-series ages coincides with an interval of higher precipitation associated with greater intensity of the Indian monsoon, which led to elevated spring discharge and carbonate precipitation in this part of the High Himalayas.

Keywords

travertineTibetSr-87/Sr-86geochronologyHimalayas
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 145 , Issue 6 , November 2008 , pp. 753 - 765
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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Footnotes

‡

Current affiliation: Hydrogeology, Geochemistry and Geology Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA

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