DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG MALARIA AND OTHER PARASITES
Section snippets
MALARIA
The development of antimalarial drug resistance has had a tremendous impact on malaria control. Drug resistance has been implicated in the spread of malaria to new areas and re-emergence of malaria in areas in which the disease had been eradicated. Drug resistance also has played a significant role in the occurrence and severity of epidemics in some parts of the world. Population movement has introduced resistant parasites to areas previously free of drug resistance. Currently, at a time when
DRUG RESISTANCE IN NON-MALARIA PARASITES
Although other parasites demonstrate the same characteristics of drug resistance, their global public health impact has not been as great as that for malaria.
CONCLUSIONS
Several consistent themes arise in drug resistance among parasites: widespread and uncontrolled use of drugs, heavy reliance on a small number of drugs, use of single drug therapy, poor compliance with recommended treatment regimens, and slow development of new therapeutic alternatives. All facilitate development and spread of drug resistance. In response, a concerted effort must be made to limit the frequency and impact of these practices.
The way in which existing drugs are used needs to be
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Cited by (48)
The Friedländer reaction: A powerful strategy for the synthesis of heterocycles
2020, Advances in Heterocyclic ChemistryThe role of antimalarial quality in the emergence and transmission of resistance
2018, Medical HypothesesCitation Excerpt :It has been proposed that the long-comparative half-lives of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine resulting in sub-therapeutic levels of API may promote the emergence of resistance and thus the transmission of resistance [13]. Additionally, when there are sub-therapeutic API concentrations persisting in the bloodstream weeks to months after the treatment, it acts as a selection pressure for any re-infection that occurs [13,28]. In combination therapies, the choice of partner drugs and their half-lives further highlight the effect of sub-therapeutic API concentrations on the emergence and transmission of resistance [53].
IgG subclasses pattern and high-avidity antibody to the C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax in an unstable hypoendemic region in Iran
2009, Acta TropicaCitation Excerpt :This parasite re-appeared in Asian countries such as Uzbekistan (Severini et al., 2004), Azerbaijan (Leclerc et al., 2004), Turkey (Zeyrek et al., 2008), north of Iran (Zakeri et al., 2004), and the Republic of Korea (Lim et al., 2000) where eradication efforts had been successful in 1960s. Growing chloroquine and primaquine resistance strains of P. vivax in malaria endemic regions (Barat and Bloland, 1997; Nomura et al., 2001) could call for new tools and strategies to combat P. vivax. Therefore, to achieve this goal, vaccine development must be considered.
Plasmodium berghei: Antiparasitic effects of orally administered Hypoestoxide in mice
2007, Experimental Parasitology
Address reprint requests to Lawrence M. Barat, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341
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From the Malaria Epidemiology Section, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia