Elsevier

Virology

Volume 476, February 2015, Pages 364-371
Virology

Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) promotes EIAV replication and infectivity

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.038Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Equine ADAR1 (eADAR1) was a positive regulator for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV).

  • eADAR1 enhanced EIAV was associated with LTR and RRE regions.

  • ADAR1 increased the infectivity of EIAV.

Abstract

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) have been reported to be functional on various viruses. ADAR1 may exhibit antiviral or proviral activity depending on the type of virus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is the most well-studied lentivirus with respect to its interaction with ADAR1, and variable results have been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that equine ADAR1 (eADAR1) was a positive regulator of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), another lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. First, eADAR1 significantly promoted EIAV replication, and the enhancement of viral protein expression was associated with the long terminal repeat (LTR) and Rev response element (RRE) regions. Second, the RNA binding domain 1 of eADAR1 was essential only for enhancing LTR-mediated gene expression. Third, in contrast with APOBEC proteins, which have been shown to reduce lentiviral infectivity, eADAR1 increased the EIAV infectivity. This study indicated that eADAR1 was proviral rather than antiviral for EIAV.

Keywords

EIAV
ADAR1
Infectivity
Replication

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These authors contributed equally to this article.