doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.052
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones using in situ generated oxazaborolidine derived from (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-amino-7,7-dimethoxynorbornan-2-ol. An efficient synthesis of enantiopure (R)-tomoxetine
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Alexandre A.M. Lapisa, Ângelo de Fátimaa, José E.D. Martinsb, Valentim E.U. Costab,
and Ronaldo A. Pillia,
, 
aInstituto de Química, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
bInstituto de Química, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Received 24 July 2004;
revised 6 November 2004;
accepted 9 November 2004.
Available online 7 December 2004.
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was examined in the presence of chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst 2 prepared in situ from (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-amino-7,7-dimethoxynorbornan-2-ol (1). The optically active secondary alcohols were generally obtained in moderate to high enantiomeric excesses (ee 43–95%) and good yields (75–94%), except for ketones bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of enantiopure (R)-tomoxetine, a potent anti-depressant drug.
Graphical abstract
In this work, we report our results on the asymmetric reduction of prochiral aromatic and aliphatic ketones 3, 5–8 catalyzed by the novel in situ generated oxazaborolidine 2 derived from (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-amino-7,7-dimethoxybornan-2-ol (1) and BH3·Me2S. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of the anti-depressant drug (R)-tomoxetine in three steps and 47% overall yield from 3-chloropropiophenone (3h).
Keywords: Oxazaborolidine; 3-Amino-7,7-dimethoxynorbornan-2-ol; Asymmetric reduction; Tomoxetine
Scheme 3. Reagents and conditions: (a) catalyst 2 (5 mol %), THF, 25 °C, recrystallization from hexanes (two steps, 65%, 99% ee); (b) Ph3P, DEAD, o-cresol, THF (75%); (c) aq MeNH2 (40%), 130 °C, EtOH (96%).
Table 1.
Enantioselective reduction of acetophenone (3a) with catalyst 2
a Chemical yields (two runs) of isolated products after column chromatography.
b Enantiomeric excesses were determined by capillary chiral GC with Chirasil-DEX CB (25 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm).
Table 2.
Enantioselective reduction of prochiral aromatic and aliphatic ketones 3a–j and 5–8 with catalyst 2
a Enantiomeric excesses were determined by capillary chiral GC.
b Absolute configurations determined by comparison of optical rotation with those described in the literature.
c Absolute configurations determined by comparison retention time by chiral GC analyses (Chirasil-DEX CB 25 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm).
d Chemical yields of isolated products.
e 8% of starting material recovered.

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