Test films for test-determinations on the base of reagents, immobilized in gelatinous gel

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.051

Talanta

Volume 77, Issue 2, 15 December 2008, Pages 915-923

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.07.051 Get rights and content

Abstract

Gelatinous solidified layers of the photographic film were used for the immobilization of analytical reagents for detection and determination of reductants and primary aromatic amines. It was shown, that the films with immobilized iron(III)-Dipy or iron(III)-Phen complexes as test films for reductants and films with immobilized aldehydes (vanillin, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) as the test films for primary aromatic amines can be used. The improving of reagents immobilization in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate micelles was obtained. Metrological characteristics of visual detection and photometric determination using test films were evaluated on the basis of statistical approach and investigation of detection probability distribution in the concentration range of unreliable reaction. The suggested test films for the determination of ascorbic acid, analgin (dipyrone), novocaine and streptocide in drugs were examined successfully.

Introduction

Different test tools such as indicator strips, indicator tubes, powders, etc., are used for the identification of individual substances, for fast screening numerous analyzed samples or for in-real-site control of the composition and quality of the consumption products [1]. One of the ways of the new test tools creation is the search of new materials for immobilization of analytical reagents. Of special interest are the transparent materials, which allow registering analytical effect by UV–visible photometry. For instance, polymethacrylate matrixes were successfully used for obtaining the transparent test films for determination of ascorbic acid, iron(II, III), fluoride-ions [2], [3], [4]. Another example of a transparent material for immobilization of reagents is gelatinous gel. Gelatinous solidified layers of the commercial photographic films have been used earlier for the synthesis of low water soluble metal complexes and studying their spectral properties [5], [6], [7], for photometric investigation of the mechanism of the gelatine staining with fluorone derivative dyes [8], for study of the medium effects of acid–base indicators [9]. Test films for detection and determination of drug nitroxoline [10] and determination of heavy metals ions total concentration [9] on the basis of a gelatinous layer have been obtained in our previous works. It was shown recently, that in gelatinous gel of the films it is possible to immobilize the reagents for diazotization and azocoupling reactions; on this base the sensitive elements for determination of nitrites are offered [11]. Gelatinous layer of the photographic film as medium for photometric studies has following advantages: transparency, isotropic of the physico-mechanical properties, mechanical stability and colour uniformity of the samples obtained on the basis of the films. Creation of the new test tools with using of the gelatinous gel of the photographic films as medium for immobilization of reagents is of interest.

Many practically important organic substances which are constituents of drugs, food-additives, food-stuffs have the reductant and antioxidant properties. The best-known substance of such type is ascorbic acid. The commercial test strips for detection and semi-quantitative determination of ascorbic acid are produced [12], [13]. Indicator powders [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], test films [2], [3], [4], special cuvettes with integrated sensor layer made of dye Prussian blue [20], [21], [22] for the test-determination of ascorbic acid are suggested also. Application of the same test tools for determination of other reductants, for example, medicine analgin [15], and for the control total amount of reductants [18] or antioxidants [19] is described.

The group of primary aromatic amines (PAA) includes widespread substances: aniline, its derivatives and many drugs such as a local anesthetic drugs and sulfanamides. For the test-determination of PAA the indicator powders [23], [24], indicator tubes [25], [26], [27], papers [28], [24], test strips [27], [29] have been suggested.

Present work is devoted to further study of the immobilization possibilities of analytical reagents into gelatinous solidified layer and to creation of new test tool for identification and determination of reductants and primary aromatic amines.

Section snippets

Reagents

The analytes (detected and determined substances) are shown in Fig. 1, they were pharmaceutical substances.

The choice of analytical reagents for test-determination of reductants

The different analytical reagents are used by developing of test tools for determination of reductants, namely ascorbic acid and analgin, as described in works [2], [3], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. There are copper(II) complexes with tetrabenzo[b,f,j,n][1], [5], [9], [13]tetraazacyclohexadecine [15], iron(III) complexes with Dipy [2] or Phen [19], Bindshendler's Green [16], phosphomolybdic acids and compounds of copper(II) [17], ionic associates of Methylene Blue and

Conclusions

Gelatinous solidified layers of the photographic film are applicable to immobilization of analytical reagents, which are used for detection and determination of reductants and primary aromatic amines. The films with immobilized iron(III)-Dipy or iron(III)-Phen complexes and films with immobilized aldehydes can be used as test films for reductants and PAA respectively. These immobilized reagents provide the contrast colour change and are not washed out from films at contacting of test films with

Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine (Research projects No. 0107U000659, No. 0106U003109). The authors wish to acknowledge A.S. Vlasenko for helping with translation of the paper.

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Test films for test-determinations on the base of reagents, immobilized in gelatinous gel

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Reagents

The choice of analytical reagents for test-determination of reductants

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Sens. Actuators B: Chem.

Anal. Chim. Acta

J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.

J. Anal. Chem.

Zavodsk. Laboratoriya

Russ. J. Coord. Chem.

Rossiiskiy Khim. Zhurn.

Histochemie

J. Anal. Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

Zhurn. Analyt. Khimii.

J. Agric. Food Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

J. Anal. Chem.

Zhurn. Analyt. Khimii.