Bifidobacterium reuteri sp. nov., Bifidobacterium callitrichos sp. nov., Bifidobacterium saguini sp. nov., Bifidobacterium stellenboschense sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium biavatii sp. nov. isolated from faeces of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas)

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Abstract

Five strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from faeces of a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and a red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas). The five isolates clustered inside the phylogenetic group of the genus Bifidobacterium but did not show high sequence similarities between the isolates and to known species in the genus by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Sequence analyses of dnaJ1 and hsp60 also indicated their independent phylogenetic positions to each other in the Bifidobacterium cluster. DNA G + C contents of the species ranged from 57.3 to 66.3 mol%, which is within the values recorded for Bifidobacterium species. All isolates showed fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity. Based on the data provided, the five isolates represent five novel species, for which the names Bifidobacterium reuteri sp. nov. (type strain: AFB22-1T = JCM 17295T = DSM 23975T), Bifidobacterium callitrichos sp. nov. (type strain: AFB22-5T = JCM 17296T = DSM 23973T), Bifidobacterium saguini sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-1T = JCM 17297T = DSM 23967T), Bifidobacterium stellenboschense sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-3T = JCM 17298T = DSM 23968T) and Bifidobacterium biavatii sp. nov. (type strain: AFB23-4T = JCM 17299T = DSM 23969T) are proposed.

Section snippets

Description of B. reuteri

B. reuteri (reu’te.ri. N.L. masc. gen. n. reuteri, of Reuter, named after Professor Gerhard Reuter, in honour of his research on intestinal microbiota).

Cells are Gram-positive, irregularly shaped rods with rounded or tapered end, usually swollen and branched, measuring 0.3–1.0 × 1.5–6 μm. Cells are non-motile and usually occur singly or in pairs. Facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative and F6PPK-positive. Colonies on MRS agar supplemented with 50 mg (l−1) l-cysteine after incubation for two days

Description of B. callitrichos

B. callitrichos (cal.li’tri.chos. N.L. n. callithrix-trichos, scientific name of a genus of primates; N.L. gen. n. callitrichos, of Callithrix, isolated from C. jacchus).

Cells are Gram-positive, irregularly shaped rods with rounded or tapered end, usually swollen and branched, measuring 0.6–1.2 × 3–8 μm. Cells are non-motile and usually occur singly, in pairs or in chains. Facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative and F6PPK-positive. Colonies on MRS agar supplemented with 50 mg (l−1) l-cysteine

Description of B. saguini

B. saguini (sa’gui.ni. N.L. gen. n. saguini, of Saguinus, isolated from S. midas).

Cells are Gram-positive, irregularly shaped rods with rounded or tapered end, usually swollen and branched, measuring 0.4–1.0 × 2–6 μm. Cells are non-motile and usually occur singly, in pairs or in chains. Facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative and F6PPK-positive. Colonies on MRS agar supplemented with 50 mg (l−1) l-cysteine after incubation for two days are beige, smooth and approximately 1–2 mm in diameter under

Description of B. stellenboschense

B. stellenboschense (stel.len.bos.chen'se. N.L. neut. adj. stellenboschense, of Stellenbosch, a town in South Africa where the type strain was isolated).

Cells are Gram-positive, irregularly shaped rods, usually swollen and branched, measuring 0.5–1.0 × 4–10 μm. Cells are non-motile and usually occur singly, in pairs or in chains. Facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative and F6PPK-positive. Colonies on MRS agar supplemented with 50 mg (l−1) l-cysteine after incubation for two days are white,

Description of B. biavatii

B. biavatii (bi.a.va’ti.i. N.L. gen. masc. n. biavatii, of Biavati, named after Professor Bruno Biavati, in honour of his research on bifidobacteria).

Cells are Gram-positive or -variable, irregularly shaped rods, usually swollen and branched, measuring 0.5–1.0 × 3–8 μm. Cells are non-motile and usually occur singly, in pairs or in chains. Facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative and F6PPK-positive. Colonies on MRS agar supplemented with 50 mg (l−1) l-cysteine after incubation for two days are

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to J.P. Euzéby (Société de Bactériologie Systématique et Vétérinaire and École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse) for advice on the naming of novel species and to Mrs. Birgit Grün (DSMZ, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) for her excellent technical assistance with the determination of G + C contents in our novel strains. Thanks are also due to the World of Birds (Cape Town, South Africa) for their assistance in collecting samples. A. Endo received a

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    The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for 16S rRNA gene sequences, dnaJ1 sequences and hsp60 sequences of B. reuteri AFB22-1T, B. callitrichos AFB22-5T, B. saguini AFB23-1T, B. stellenboschense AFB23-3T and B. biavatii AFB23-4T are AB613259 and AB559503AB559506, AB613260AB613264 and AB674318AB674322, respectively.

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