Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the synchronization of organic matter and nitrogen degradation kinetics and microbial nitrogen synthesis in sheep fed Berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum)
Introduction
Among factors influencing growth of rumen microbes are feed intake, the ratio of nitrogen and energy yielding substrates of feed, the rate of nutrients fermented in the rumen, rumen environment and outflow rate of rumen content. Although significant advances in the knowledge on the effect of various combinations of these factors on microbial yield have been reported, there is still insufficient information available to identify and control the interactions in the rumen that result in optimum rumen fermentation and nitrogen capture by rumen microbes.
Alfalfa hay has a high nitrogen (N) content with a rapid degradation rate (Kamel et al., 1995a). A large portion of degraded N may be absorbed as NH3-N from the rumen and subsequently excreted in the urine (Wallace, 1994), which limits the efficiency of N utilization by the animal. One approach to improving the use of forage N is to increase microbial capture of NH3-N by providing additional fermentable energy as a small amount of grains (Elizalde et al., 1999). However, addition of cereals to forage-based diets decreased ruminal cell-wall digestion (Tamminga, 1993). Microbial yield and the efficiency of microbial synthesis are thought to be maximized by synchronizing crude protein and organic matter fermentation in the rumen (Ørskov, 1992).
In previous study, Kamel et al. (2000) reported that baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BSC) increased the degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in sheep fed Berseem hay as a sole diet. The digestibility of dry matter had been improved when hybrid-baker’s yeast was added to the concentrate mixture in vitro (Newbold et al., 1995). In a comparative study, El-Ashry et al. (2001) found that the dried baker’s yeast and Diamond V “XP” yeast culture (S. cerevisiae, produced by Diamond V Mills, USA) had similar effects on increasing crude fiber and organic matter digestibility comparing with the un-supplemented yeast-diets.
The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the supplementation of BSC to BH could affect the degree of synchronization of OM and N degradation, and the efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis.
Section snippets
Animals and feed
Three ruminally cannulated sheep (50±1.5 kg BW) were used in a 3×3 Latin square design experiment. Animals were fed Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) hay at about 3% of their body weight in two equaled portions (8.00 and 16.00). The treatments were: (1) Berseem hay (BH); (2) BH+11.25 g of BSC (LBSC); and (3) BH+22.5 g BSC (HBSC). Yeast was obtained from Starch and Yeast company, Alexandria-Egypt, which containing 28% DM and 6.2% N. Yeast was added daily before the morning meal via rumen cannula.
Chemical composition and degradation kinetics of OM and N
Chemical composition of Berseem hay was 85.35, 2.40, 55.40 and 38.15% (on dry matter basis) for OM, N, NDF and ADF, respectively.
Washing loss (a′) of OM were 21.77, 20.75 and 20.58% for BH, LBSC and HBSC, respectively. Organic matter disappearance (OMD) from nylon bags was increased (P<0.05) for HBSC than BH during the period from 3 to 48 h of incubation. However, at 72 h of incubation there were no significant differences among treatments. Meanwhile, the LBSC had intermediate values (Table 1).
Discussion
Organic matter disappearance from nylon bags during the incubation time from 3 to 48 h indicated that the BSC enhanced the initial OMD and this improvement was not observed after 48 h of incubation. These results are in agreement with Chademana and Offer (1990) who fed diets with different forage: concentrate ratio and reported proportionate increases in hay DM disappearance up to 24 h of incubation but showed very little difference in DM disappearance after 48 h of rumen incubation. Kamel et al.
References (29)
- et al.
Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose
J. Dairy Sci.
(1997) - et al.
Source supplements in cattle given grass-silage based diet. 1. Digestion of organic matter and nitrogen
Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
(1991) - Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. AOAC, Washington,...
- et al.
The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture on digestion in the sheep
Anim. Prod.
(1990) - et al.
Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants, effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative by sheep
Brit. J. Nutr.
(1990) - Chen, X.B., Ørskov, E.R., Hovell DeB., F.D., 1991. The use of intragastic infusion in studies on excretion of purine...
- Czerkawski, J.W., 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford,...
- et al.
Effects of microbial supplementation containing yeast and lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activity
J. Anim. Sci.
(1990) - et al.
Effect of live dried baker’s and yeast culture on performance of growing buffalo calves
Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds
(2001) - et al.
Supplemental cracked corn for steers fed fresh Alfalfa. I. Effects on digestion of organic matter, fiber and starch
J. Anim. Sci.
(1999)
Effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation to Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) diet on protein digestion and rumen fermentation of sheep
Egypt. J. Nutr. Feeds
Degradations of dietary nutrients and purine in the rumen of sheep given oats, Timothy and Alfalfa hays
Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.)
The effect of frozen-rethawing technique of detaching firmly associated bacteria from in situ hay residues
Can. J. Anim. Sci.
Cited by (26)
In vitro bioassessment of the immunomodulatory activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae components using bovine macrophages and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
2018, Journal of Dairy ScienceCitation Excerpt :Dairy producers have been using commercially available yeast probiotics and their components as feed supplements for almost 2 decades based on findings that these products improve animal production, promote health, and reduce the need for antibiotic use (Jouany et al., 1998; Salama et al., 2002; Ganan et al., 2009). For instance, studies have demonstrated that supplementing the ruminant diet with specific strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves feed intake (Williams et al., 1991; Robinson and Garrett, 1999), weight gain (Salama et al., 2002), and fiber digestion (Wohlt et al., 1998; Kamel et al., 2004). It has been reported that live yeast stabilizes pH (Doreau and Jouany, 1998; Jouany et al., 1998) and the number of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen (Mosoni et al., 2007; Silberberg et al., 2013).
Production performance of lambs on milk replacer during pre-weaning followed by post-weaning linseed and calcium soap supplementation
2018, Animal Feed Science and TechnologyCitation Excerpt :Manso et al. (2006) found a similar effect on fiber digestibility at the 3.1% and 5.0% levels of Ca-soap supplementation in the diet of lambs. A decline in ciliate protozoa number in MRg-Linseed and MRng-Ca-soap group may be correlated to decreased fiber utilization as rumen protozoa are known to represent more than 90% of rumen fibrolytic activity (Newbold et al., 1995; Kamel et al., 2004). This difference in fiber digestibility did not have any significant effect on overall DM intake in MRg-Linseed group as evidenced from higher concentrate and roughage intake during pre- and post-weaning.
Effect of concentrate level and live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on Texel lamb performance and carcass characteristics
2013, Livestock ScienceCitation Excerpt :Fadel Elseed and Rania Abusamra (2007) also observed a significant effect on organic matter, NDF digestibility, and daily live weight gain in Nubians goats fed sorghum (whole plant) with the addition of 2.5 or 5 g of commercial yeast. Kamel et al. (2004) worked with cannulated sheep fed with hay and clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) and concluded that, in the presence of live yeast, there was increase in organic matter degradation, releasing more energy for microbial growth. Remarkable effects on DM intake were verified in animals fed with higher proportions of concentrated feed in comparison to others.
Effect of yeast cultures supplementation on live weight change, rumen fermentation, ciliate protozoa population, microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb
2011, Livestock ScienceCitation Excerpt :Ciliate protozoa are known to stabilize rumen fluid pH on high starch diets by rapidly engulfing of starch granules and competing effectively with amylolytic bacteria for substrate and protozoa ferment starch at a slower rate than by amylolytic bacteria (Mendoza et al., 1993). Increased Ciliate protozoa number in KM, SC and SU culture supplementation supports hypothesis of increased fiber utilization in yeast culture fed ruminants (Newbold et al., 1995; Kamel et al., 2004). Rumen protozoa are known to represent more than 90% of rumen fibrolysis activity.
Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on growth performance, nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs
2010, Animal Feed Science and TechnologyInfluence of microbial probiotics on ruminant health and nutrition: sources, mode of action and implications
2022, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture