Na+, K+-ATPase: An Indispensable Ion Pumping-Signaling Mechanism Across Mammalian Cell Membranes
Section snippets
Evolutionary Considerations of the Na+, K+-ATPase
The curious connection between the sessile nature of plants and the absence of a cell volume-regulating system such as the Na+, K+-ATPase was observed by Krogh more than 50 years ago. Contrary to plants, animal cells have this exquisite volume-regulating system but reciprocally lack a rigid cell wall that would limit their motility.4 Plant cells regulate their volume in such a singular way that they can even create an intracellular osmotic force that attracts water by accumulating Na+ in
Ionic Transporter and Signal Transducer
Apart from allowing cells to deal with the sodium stress, Na+, K+-ATPase gave rise to an even higher level of sophistication by guiding hierarchic cellular functions such as motility, polarity, and signaling. It has been shown convincingly that Na+, K+-ATPase is a signal transducer.15 This quality appears to have arisen independently from the ion transport function during its evolution because the specific binding motifs that transfer signals are located outside the conserved regions common to
Na+, K+-ATPase Function: Impact in Health and Disease States
The mechanisms described previously suggest that Na+, K+-ATPase functions may be dissociated, one indirectly affecting cellular complexity through the transport of ions, which allows cells to cope with sodium stress and emerge as a consequence of the evolutionary pressure, and the other directly causing the cellular complexity by altering signaling pathways. It is worth emphasizing that some signaling functions not related to ion transport have been described clearly, although domain-dependent
Conclusions
The appearance of Na+, K+-ATPase is a significant event in evolution. Its intrinsic properties make the simultaneous occurrence of advanced cellular processes with their inherent fragilities possible. Also, it allowed the existence of new phenomena such as its signaling properties, which are of paramount importance for diverse cellular processes. Discovering that Na+, K+-ATPase activity could be affected in a short-term fashion in intact cells in response to physiologic agonists was critical
Acknowledgments
The constructive criticisms of Adrian I. Katz and Cara Gottardi are greatly appreciated.
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2018, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :The ionic transport performed by this enzyme creates an electrochemical gradient through the cell plasma membrane, which is essential for the maintenance of muscle and nerve cell excitability (Skou, 1965, 1957). The NKA also participates in cell signaling events, which are mediated via the NKA caveolar pool, affecting cell–cell interactions, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and death (Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque et al., 2017; Jaitovich and Bertorello, 2006; Liu et al., 2003; Skou, 2004). Alterations in the expression and activity of the NKA are implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases such as leptospirosis (Burth et al., 1997; Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque et al., 2014), cardio-metabolic diseases (Liu and Songu-Mize, 1997; Obradovic et al., 2017; Tsimaratos et al., 2001), Alzheimer's disease (Dickey et al., 2005; Ohnishi et al., 2015), and cancer (Chen et al., 2006; Lefranc et al., 2008; Yu, 2003).
Effect of pulsed electric fields pre-treatment on mass transport during the osmotic dehydration of organic kiwifruit
2016, Innovative Food Science and Emerging TechnologiesCitation Excerpt :Regarding the sucrose fluxes, they are driven by passive transport in the apoplastic ways and by active transport throughout the membrane, by the sodium pump (Zeuthen, 2010). Electrolytes transmembrane transport is produced by the sodium/potassium pump (Jaitovich & Bertorello, 2006); however, the rest of active transports depend on the pass of some electrolytes such as Ca2 +, Na+, K+ or Mg2 + throughout this pump. Where z is the valence of each electrolyte (with sign), F is the Faraday constant (96,485.3415 C/mol), E is the Electric field applied (V/m), Δni is the variation of each ion and the subscripts i and j represent the electrolytic and chemical species, respectively.
Fluorone dyes have binding sites on both cytoplasmic and extracellular domains of Na,K-ATPase
2013, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - BiomembranesCitation Excerpt :Electrochemical gradient formed by this active transport is essential for the excitability of muscle and nerve tissues. Sodium ion gradient is essential for the maintenance and accumulation of important nutrients, ions and neurotransmitters, reduction of intracellular level of calcium, and regulation of cell volume and intracellular pH [6,7]. Due to important NKA role in cell metabolism, this pump has been linked to disorders displaying various degrees of severity.
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2011, Journal of Structural BiologyCitation Excerpt :The pump oscillates between two major conformations, E1, which has high affinity for Na+ and ATP, and E2, which has high affinity for K+ (see later Fig. 2D for a schematic description of the functional cycle). The resulting Na+ and K+ gradients are critical for many vital processes such as the secondary transport of various solutes, cell excitability, and regulation of the cell volume (Blanco and Mercer, 1998; Jaitovich and Bertorello, 2006). The minimal functional unit of the enzyme consists of a large catalytic α subunit, common to the P-ATPase family, and a β subunit acting as a chaperone.
Supported in part by Swedish Research Council grants 32X-10860 and 32P-1489.