ReviewRole of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable production of vegetables: Current perspective
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)—definition, origin, introduction
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were first defined by Kloepper and Schroth (1978) to describe soil bacteria that colonize the roots of plants following inoculation onto seed and that enhance plant growth. The PGPR is one of the most important and agronomically useful soil microbiota that involves free living growth promoting rhizobacteria (Lutenberg and Kamilova, 2009, Bhattacharya and Jha, 2012) and widely studied symbiotic nodule bacteria, for example, rhizobia (Peix et al., 2015
PGPR inoculant development and production
The injudicious use and heavy dependence on synthetic fertilizers for future agricultural needs are likely to result in further loss in soil fertility, variable impact on composition and functions of soil microbiota. Also, excessive use of fertilizers have shown negative impact on crop productivity, soil and water contamination, crop susceptibility to diseases and ultimately loss in economy (Savci, 2012, Cristina et al., 2013). To address such serious problems, the advent of biofertilzer
A general perspective
A diverse array of bacteria including species of Azospirillum (Fatemeh et al., 2014), Pseudomonas (Ahmad et al., 2013), Azotobacter (Gaytan et al., 2012), Bacillus (Ashwini and Srividya, 2014), Enterobacter (Collavino et al., 2010), Burkholederia (Minaxi et al., 2013), Serratia (Dastager et al., 2011), Pantoea (Mishra et al., 2011), Rhizobium (Hungria et al., 2013), Mesorhizobium (Verma et al., 2014) and many others have been found to enhance the biological and chemical characteristics of
Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Potato is the most important vegetable in the world ranking fourth in production. Approximately, 40% of world’s land has however, low potato production because its roots have limited access to P in soil (Igual et al., 2001). In contrast, potato requires considerably higher dose of P since this is a high biomass yielding crop. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria like, Pseudomonas putida, Microbacterium laevaniformans and Pantoea agglomerans, applied either alone or as mixture had stimulatory effect
Conclusion and future prospects
Indeed, chemical fertilizer is essentially required to overcome nutrient deficits and to facilitate growth and yields of horticultural crops but it is generally unavailable to poor farmers due to its higher costs. Moreover, the soil pollution and loss of soil fertility due to excessive application of chemical fertilizers are the other major concerns in vegetables production. To overcome such acute problems, PGPR including PSM has been tried and tested and have been found effective in reducing
Acknowledgment
We are extremely thankful to the Chairman of our Department for providing computer facilities and space for preparing this review article.
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