Short communication
Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for analysis of acyclovir and acebutolol hydrochloride

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Abstract

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods are described for analysis of acebutolol hydrochloride. The proposed methods are based on oxidation of the selected drug with cerium(IV) ion in acidic medium with subsequent measurement of either the decrease in absorbance at 320 nm or the fluorescence intensity of the produced cerous(III) ion at 363 nm (excitation at 250 nm). Beer's law obeyed from 1.0–7.0 μg ml−1 and 0.25–2.5 μg ml−1 acebutolol hydrochloride, using the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for determination of the selected drug in its pharmaceutical preparation with good recoveries.

Introduction

Acebutolol hydrochloride, (±)-3′-acetyl-4′-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-aminopropoxy) butyranilide hydrochloride is a cardio-selective beta-blocker used in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias [1].

Different methods for analysis of the selected drug have been reviewed. The BP [2] specifies aqueous titration technique detecting the end point potentiometrically for determination of acebutolol hydrochloride. Several procedures have been reported in the literature for the analysis of acebutolol hydrochloride. These methods are derivative [3], [4], ion pair [5], charge transfer [6], oxidative coupling [7], [8] spectrophotometry. Different chromogens such as Folin Ciocalteu [9], acetaldehyde or halogenated benzoquinone [10] and naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate [11] were used for determination of acebutolol. Besides, other methods including TLC [12], LC [13], HPLC [14], [15], CE [16], GC [17], MEKC [18], polarography [19] and ISE [20] were also reported for the drug analysis.

Cerium(IV) ion was widely used for the analysis of many pharmaceutical compounds by spectrophotometric [21], [22], spectrofluorimetric [23], [24] methods or both of them [25], other methods including chemiluminescence [26] and potentiometry [27] were also reported.

In this work, cerium(IV) sulphate was used for oxidation of the cited drug in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation.

Section snippets

Apparatus

Measurements were carried out by using Shimadzu 1201 UV–vis spectrophotometer and Shimadzu RF 1501 spectrofluorophotometer.

Materials and reagents

All materials and reagents were of analytical grade and bidistilled water was used. Acebutolol hydrochloride pure drug and Sectral tablets (labeled to contain 200 mg acebutolol per tablet) were obtained from Alexandria Co., under license of Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Paris, France. Cerium(IV) ammonium sulphate, Merck, 0.7 mg ml−1 solution in 1N-sulphuric acid was prepared.

Standard solutions

A 0.05 and

Spectrophotometric method

To different aliquots of standard solution containing 10–70 μg ml−1 acebutolol hydrochloride, 3 ml of reagent was added in a series of 10 ml volumetric flasks. The mixture was left at room temperature for 45 min and diluted to volume with distilled water. The decrease in absorbance was measured at 320 nm using the experiment as a blank.

Spectrofluorimetric method

Different aliquots of standard drug solution equivalent to 2.5–25 μg of acebutolol hydrochloride were placed into a series of 10 ml volumetric flasks. The same procedure

Sectral tablets

Ten tablets were powdered and a weight equivalent to 5 and 10 mg acebutolol hydrochloride was used for preparation of 0.05 and 0.1 mg ml−1 solutions, respectively, in distilled water. The standard addition technique was applied by adding standard drug to the pre-analysed tablets.

Results and discussion

Cerium(IV) ammonium sulphate being a strong oxidizing agent was used for determination of organic compounds. The proposed methods are based on oxidation of the selected drug with excess cerium(IV) ammonium sulphate in acidic medium and subsequent measurement of either the decrease in reagent absorbance at 320 nm, or the fluorescence intensity of the produced cerous(III) ion at the specific λmax.

In this study the reaction conditions were carefully studied and the optimum reaction time, reagent

Linearity, accuracy and precision

The methods were tested for linearity, accuracy and precision. By using the above procedures, linear regression equations were obtained. The regression plots showed a linear dependence of the absorbance over the Beer's law range given in Table 1. The table also shows the results of the statistical analysis of the experimental data, such as the slopes, the intercepts, the correlation coefficients obtained by the linear least squares treatment of the results.

In order to determine the accuracy and

Conclusion

The data given above reveal that the proposed methods are simple, accurate and sensitive with good precision and accuracy. With these methods, one can do the analysis at low cost without losing accuracy. The proposed methods can be used as alternative methods to reported ones for the routine determination of acebutolol hydrochloride tablets. This encourages their successful use in routine analysis of these drugs in quality control laboratories.

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