Original articleEffect of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens fungal extracts on the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggsEfecto de los extractos de los hongos Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma harzianum y Trichoderma virens en la eclosionabilidad de huevos de Ancylostoma
Section snippets
Fungal cultures
Four fungal isolates were used – CG193 Paecilomyces lilacinus and CG502 Trichoderma harzianum provided by Cenargen (Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology), MICLAB009 Paecilomyces lilacinus and MICLAB008 Trichoderma virens obtained from the collection of fungi of the Mycology Laboratory, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil properly identified by DNA sequencing. The cultures kept in test tubes containing potato agar (PDA) at 4 °C were subcultured on Petri dishes with PDA
Results
After a 24-h-interaction period, the fungal extracts (CE, FE, CM and FM) evaluated were observed to reduce the Ancylostoma hatchability to some extent, as compared to control (Table 1). Statistical analysis showed differences (p < 0.05) in the number of larvae between the fungal extracts of each fungus and the control group. Moreover, it showed that CE, FE, CM and FM did not present the same pattern for each fungus tested (Table 1). However, when the hatchability reduction percentage of
Discussion
Nematophagous fungi have been widely used for biological control because of their ability to capture and infect nematodes through enzymatic action.11, 12
The results of this study show the ovicidal activity of the evaluated fungi on Ancylostoma eggs and suggest that the activity may be due to the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Furthermore, the use of enzymatic extracts of the fungi significantly reduced Ancylostoma eggs hatching after a 24-h-exposure period. This ovicidal activity could be an
Conclusion
The use of enzymatic extracts of the fungi P. lilacinus, T. harzianum and T. virens significantly reduces Ancylostoma eggs hatching after a 24-h-exposure period. Thus, these fungi are, together with other known nematophagous fungi, promising biocontrol agents of geohelminths in the environment. Yet, additional studies are needed so that the molecules responsible for the observed effects can be identified and characterized.
Funding
This study was supported by internal funding. CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) of Brazil and CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) of Brazil provided scholarship and research grants to the authors.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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