MasterclassEvaluation and management of greater trochanter pain syndrome
Section snippets
History
Differential diagnosis is difficult given the geographic proximity of many potential tissues that could be involved in the symptomatic complaint. A thorough patient interview and detailed physical exam can help tease out the specific source of the patient's chief complaint. Generally, anterior hip and groin pain comes from intra-articular disorders while lateral hip pain is more likely from extra-articular disorders that are more insidious in their onset (Grumet et al., 2010). For GTPS,
Physical examination
Because of the propensity for referred pain and frequent concurrent presence of intervertebral disc pathology, facet joint degeneration, or sacroiliac joint dysfunction the examiner should perform a neurological and screening examination for the lumbosacral spine. Less likely causes of referred lateral hip pain from non-musculoskeletal origin could include endometriosis, prostate disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ovarian cysts, or inguinal hernias. Meralgia paresthetica is a nerve entrapment
Intervention
Despite numerous evidence-based intervention strategies for degenerative conditions, there are few high level studies to support the management of tendinopathies in the area of the greater trochanter. Initial management recommendations are based on a non-operative approach with a focus on tendon healing, correction of contributing lower quarter impairments, and a progressive return to routine and recreational activities of daily living (ADL). In recalcitrant cases, surgical intervention may be
Prognosis
There is limited research on the prognosis pertaining to GTPS. In a recent case control study, Fearon found patients with GTPS had poor quality of life and higher pain and physical impairment comparable to people with end stage hip osteoarthritis awaiting a total hip arthroplasty (Fearon, cook, Scarvell, Neeman, Cormick, & Smith, 2014). Additionally, they reported a dramatic reduction in employment status in patients suffering from GTPS with an odds ratio of work disability at a rate even lower
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Funding
None declared.
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