Role of neuropeptides in cardiomyopathies

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.004

Peptides

Volume 61, November 2014, Pages 1-6

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2014.08.004 Get rights and content

Highlights

•
A review of existing literature suggests that neuropeptide dysregulation is involved in pathogenesis of several cardiomyopathies.
•
Understanding the complexity of neuropeptide function would be helpful in establishing new therapies and an optimal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiomyopathies.
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Further studies are needed to identify more precisely the role and signaling mechanisms of neuropeptides in cardiomyopathy.

Abstract

The role of neuropeptides in cardiomyopathy-associated heart failure has been garnering more attention. Several neuropeptides – Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and their receptors have been studied in the various types of cardiomyopathies. The data indicate associations with the strength of the association varying depending on the kind of neuropeptide and the nature of the cardiomyopathy – diabetic, ischemic, inflammatory, stress-induced or restrictive cardiomyopathy. Several neuropeptides appear to alter regulation of genes involved in heart failure. Demonstration of an association is an essential first step in proving causality or establishing a role for a factor in a disease. Understanding the complexity of neuropeptide function should be helpful in establishing new or optimal therapeutic strategies for the treatment of heart failure in cardiomyopathies.

Introduction

Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which the heart muscle is structurally and/or functionally abnormal, and in which coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular or congenital heart disease are absent or do not sufficiently explain the observed myocardial abnormality [17], [34]. Cardiomyopathies can be divided according to whether they are primary – predominantly involve the heart, or secondary, where systemic disorders involve the heart [40]. Five categories of cardiomyopathies have been identified: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular and unclassified cardiomyopathy [54]. Dilated cardiomyopathies include ischemic, inflammatory or diabetic cardiomyopathy. The etiology of cardiomyopathies encompass a large number of factors including genetic abnormalities, inflammation, accumulation of different substances within or between the cardiomyocytes, endocrine, neuromuscular, neurologic or nutritional disorders [38], [39]. Because of the wide spectrum of types of cardiomyopathies, multiple etiologic factors have been identified or continue to be investigated.

There is growing interest in the role of neuropeptides to modulate the pathogenesis of some types of cardiomyopathies. Several neuropeptides have been identified and have been the subject of sufficient investigation to merit a review to examine the strength of the association with cardiomyopathy.

Section snippets

Characteristic of neuropeptides

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-residue peptide amide produced by cleavage from a large precursor, preproNPY that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the periphery, NPY is co-stored and co-released with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve fibers. In the heart, NPY mRNA is expressed in the cell bodies of intrinsic neurons and endothelial cells. Its actions are mediated through G protein-coupled receptors denoted NPY1R-NPY6R. The actions of NPY in the heart are

Stress cardiomyopathy

Stress cardiomyopathy is an atypical form of cardiac pathology primarily induced by stressors, mostly psychological or physical. Some authors referred this as Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy. The etiology of stress-induced cardiomyopathy has not been fully elucidated, probably several mechanisms are involved including multivessel coronary artery spasm, coronary microvasculature dysfunction, acute coronary syndrome with spontaneous reperfusion, transient left ventricular outflow obstruction and

Conclusion

In summary, a review of existing literature suggests that neuropeptide dysregulation is involved in pathogenesis of several cardiomyopathies. The results of some studies are inconsistent which indicate that the role of neuropeptides in different types of cardiomyopathies is still not completely established. Understanding the complexity of neuropeptide function would be helpful in establishing new therapies and an optimal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiomyopathies. Further

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

This study was elaborated within the grant of European Regional Development Fund—Project FNUSA-ICRC (No.CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123), project ED2.1.00/03.0076 from European Regional Development Fund and by the Charles University Research Fund (project number P36).

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ReviewRole of neuropeptides in cardiomyopathies

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Characteristic of neuropeptides

Stress cardiomyopathy

Conclusion

Conflict of interest

Acknowledgments

Am J Med

Neuroscience

J Biol Chem

Hum Immunol

Int J Cardiol

Int J Cardiol

Neuropeptides

Auton Neurosci

Am Heart J

Eur J Pharmacol

Heart Fail Clin

Eur J Pharmacol

Eur J Pharmacol

J Electrocardiol

Hum Pathol

Vascul Pharmacol

Regul Pept

J Biol Chem

Regul Pept

Cell Biol Int

Am J Med

Trends Cardiovasc Med

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Int J Cardiol Netherlands

FEBS Lett

Int J Cardiol Netherlands

Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Eur J Pharmacol

Am Heart J

Role of neuropeptide Y and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha in stress cardiomyopathy

J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci

Differences in beta-adrenergic neuroeffector mechanisms in ischemic versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Circulation

Substance P is associated with heart enlargement and apoptosis in murine dilated cardiomyopathy induced by Taenia crassiceps infection

J Parasitol

Single dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes: considerations for study design in islet transplantation models

Lab Anim

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the immune system: potential therapeutic role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

J Mol Med (Berl)

Cardioprotective role of the VIP signaling system

Drug News Perspect

Cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes involves intra-axonal accumulation of calcitionin gene-related peptide and altered expression of its receptor in rats

Neuroscience

Substance P receptor in normal and diabetic rat heart

Physiol Res

Down-regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide and altered expression of its receptors in rat diabetic cardiomyopathy

Cell Tissue Res

Expression of Neuropeptide Y, Substance P, and their receptors in the right atrium of diabetic patients

Clin Transl Sci

Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases

Eur Heart J

Actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and tachykinins in relation to the contractile effects of capsaicin in the guinea-pig and rat heart in vitro

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

Review
Role of neuropeptides in cardiomyopathies