The purpose of this study was to investigate pupils’ knowledge and attitudes in the areas of attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD). One hundred and four high school pupils in Holon (Israel) were interviewed and anonymously completed a questionnaire on these conditions. Pupils’ knowledge on the topic of ADHD was low (62%); they showed a better knowledge about LD (75%). They showed a partially tolerant attitude (62.7%) towards pupils suffering from ADHD; on the other hand, they had a somewhat more positive and perceptive attitude (74.1%) towards peers diagnosed as learning disabled. Pupils’ attitudes became more perceptive with increasing age. There was no correlation between pupils’ knowledge and attitude. Pupils had learned about these two handicapped conditions from various sources; TV (66.3%), newspapers (63.5%) and school (53.8%), while physicians and nurses occupied the 5th and last place. Information about these two disabilities (ADHD and LD) should be added to the curriculum and be taught by qualified specialists, as there is an obvious statistically deficient knowledge in these areas.