CHAT-Bot: A cultural heritage aware teller-bot for supporting touristic experiences
Introduction
The pervasiveness of digital technologies has led to the replacement of traditional data management and recommendation services with sophisticated systems. These systems can integrate data and services extracted from heterogeneous sources to provide value-added information. Nowadays a huge amount of information is used in mobile applications, even if there is the risk that this huge amount of data could generates confusion. The filtering of data and services, based on the context, arises to model possible usage scenario.
The reason for this “information deluge” is due, in large part, to the proliferation of devices that have an active role (sensors and, in general, all those objects defined as “smart”). Those devices are able to communicate with each other creating a highly pervasive network, which is at the base of the new paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1], that represents an ecosystem thanks to which “context-aware” applications exist [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. In fact, in information management, these systems are mainly dedicated in determining which part of the entire information is relevant with respect to environmental conditions, allowing us to offer to the user a wide range of services that could help him in everyday life, work or private, in order to better manage the resources such as the time available. The parallel development of these paradigms (IoT and Context Aware) acquires fundamental importance in the design of smart environments capable of tailoring itself to users [7].
In addition, technological evolution has also been followed by a human beings’ behavior evolution: we are faced with an ever-increasing number of “digital” and “social” users, who are accustomed to use several mobile devices to search and share every type of information in multiple situation [8]. In this scenario, e-Tourism is one of the most investigated application domains [9], in which a change of context causes a transformation of the experience even before being lived [10]. Thanks to new technologies, in fact, a tourists can use several services able to filter the huge amount of data present on the network in order to only provide relevant information according to the context [11].
The aim of this paper is to introduce a chatbot based on a Context-Aware System able to recommend contents and services according to tourist profiles and context. This chatbot is capable to maintain, through the combination of Pattern Recognition and context recognition techniques, a logical conversation with the user and to supply to specific tourist needs. The proposed architecture would be able to control the evolution and presentation of information to the user based on different types of context. The chatbot could be seen as a modern tourist guide, which allows the dynamic delivery of several information, services, or narrative content (textual and multimedia) properly integrated and tailored to the needs and dynamic behavior of users.
Section snippets
Background
The concept of context does not have a rigorous definition, and, over the years, many different interpretations of its meaning have been given. In fact, this concept plays an important role in many different disciplines, such as psychology, linguistics and computer science, and in each of these can take on a different meaning, more fitting for its application.
Related works
The importance of context in information technology has increased in recent decades as computers have become increasingly pervasive in everyday life. Context awareness, or the idea that these systems can detect and react to a user situation, is a popular research topic. While the computer community has initially considered the context as a question of user position, in the last few years this concept has been considered as part of the whole process in which users are involved. Sophisticated and
The proposed architecture
The architecture of the CHAT-Bot is based on some main modules, as shown in Fig. 1. The storytelling module is closely related to the bot ability to guide the user through the whole experience, making the way of proceeding while leaving the user free to express himself and immerse himself in the personalized story of a place.
Each user acts differently from the others, becoming part of a creative process and creating a unique and unrepeatable visit. In planning an itinerary and in designing the
Experimental phase
Based on the proposed architecture, an application prototype was developed: a chatbot, designed and implemented, along with a server-side component, as described above (Fig. 4). The chatbot was initially designed to support tourists visiting some of the cultural sites of the Campania region of Italy (Paestum, Pompeii, Herculaneum). In this experimental phase, the main services and contents potentially useful for tourists have been identified.
After the interaction with the chatbot, 3150 users
Conclusions
Today, the amount of data and services available require not only their mutual integration, but also their filtering in order to: provide the user in an appropriate way with a set of tailored data and services; operate on a manageable amount of data to improve processing efficiency; provide the user with only what is relevant based on contextual aspects, such as location and time.
In the world of tourism, for example, all this can be used to deepen the logic of integration and interoperability
Declaration of Competing Interest
None.
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