Fig. 1. Schematic of the electronic structure of Ag(1 1 1), Pd(1 1 1) and Pd(1 0 0) surfaces. For free electron motions on the surface plane, dispersions corresponding to the band gaps, the surface states, and the image states are shown. The Fermi energy (E_F) for each surface is indicated. The bottoms of the conduction band for Pd(1 1 1) and Pd(1 0 0) are at 2.16 eV and 5.0 eV, respectively.

Fig. 2. Percentage survival probability of 1 keV H⁻ ions scattered from Ag(1 0 0), Ag(1 1 1) and Pd(1 0 0) surfaces as a function of the incident angle (=exit angle) with respect to the surface plane.

Fig. 3. A(t)⁴ as a function of the vertical distance from the turning point for incident 1 keV H⁻ ions. Negative and positive distances are for the incoming and outgoing segment of the trajectory, respectively. The angle of incidence with respect to the surface is 50°. Two distinct interaction regions are indicated.

Fig. 4. Electronic probability (logarithmic scale) for Ag(1 1 1) (upper panel) and Pd(1 1 1) surfaces at a time of 50 a.u. after the projectile has reached the position of closest approach to the surface. The ion approaches the surface at an angle of 50° with respect to the surface and with an energy of 1 keV. The region below the straight line, indicating the surface, is the vacuum region.