X-ray detectors in medical imaging
Section snippets
Drivers shaping healthcare and X-ray imaging
Several global trends are shaping current healthcare systems. Among them is the change of demographic structures in many developed countries where the population pyramids are either stationary or even contracting while life expectancy is increasing. This and other factors lead to an increasing occurrence of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke or diabetes which are among the leading causes of death. Another continuing trend relates to an ever increasing number of disease
Clinical applications
Shortly after the discovery of X-rays by W.C. Röntgen in 1895, X-ray imaging was established as the first medical imaging technique and has continuously evolved while new imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography (PET) or ultrasound were introduced. Today the medical applications of X-ray imaging as well as the X-ray systems enabling the related clinical tasks are manifold. In the following a broad but far from exhaustive overview of clinical applications for
Current main-stream X-ray detector technologies
The various clinical X-ray applications are generating specific requirements for the respective medical systems and in turn for the detectors used therein. Table 1 summarizes some of the typical design parameters of X-ray detectors and the conditions they are operated in for general X-ray, full-field mammography, angiography and multi-slice CT.
Current state-of-the-art X-ray detectors used in clinical routine operate in integrating mode, adding all charge which is generated from the impinging
Prospects for X-ray detectors
While it is difficult to predict which developments or technologies will shape clinical routine in the future, some trends can be observed in the field of X-ray detectors. These developments address the improvement of established X-ray detector technologies with respect to performance and cost, as well as the evaluation of new technological approaches with the primary goals of providing even better performance, enabling new features or facilitating new applications.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Silke Janssen, Karl Stierstorfer and Stefan Wirth for fruitful discussions and valuable suggestions.
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