Elsevier

New Ideas in Psychology

Volume 30, Issue 3, December 2012, Pages 328-335
New Ideas in Psychology

Is social projection based on simulation or theory? Why new methods are needed for differentiating

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2012.01.002Get rights and content
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Abstract

The literature on social cognition reports many instances of a phenomenon titled ‘social projection’ or ‘egocentric bias’. These terms indicate egocentric predictions, i.e., an over-reliance on the self when predicting the cognition, emotion, or behavior of other people. The classic method to diagnose egocentric prediction is to establish high correlations between our own and other people's cognition, emotion, or behavior. We argue that this method is incorrect because there is a different way to come to a correlation between own and predicted states, namely, through the use of theoretical knowledge. Thus, the use of correlational measures is not sufficient to identify the source of social predictions. Based on the distinction between simulation theory and theory theory, we propose the following alternative methods for inferring prediction strategies: independent vs. juxtaposed predictions, the use of ‘hot’ mental processes, and the use of participants’ self-reports.

Highlights

► Methodological problems exist in research on social predictions. ► Correlating own judgments with predictions does not show simulation. ► We point out inconsistent results and possible use of theory. ► We suggest alternative methods based on the difference between simulation and theory. ► Independent vs. juxtaposed predictions, use of ‘hot’ mental processes, self-reports.

Keywords

Social predictions
Simulation theory
Theory theory
Social projection

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