Pain MechanismResearch PaperPainful stimuli evoke potentials recorded from the medial temporal lobe in humans
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
The protocol for these studies was reviewed and approved annually by the Institutional Review Board of Johns Hopkins Medicine. These studies were carried out after implantation of depth electrodes in the amygdala and hippocampus for investigation of medically intractable epilepsy in four subjects (Table 1). All subjects gave written informed consent for participation in these studies. All the techniques used in this study have been previously reported (18). Preoperative evaluation by a
Results
This study was carried out in four subjects with medically intractable CPSz, but not GM seizures (see Table 1). Scalp monitoring suggested the possibility of temporal lobe seizures in all subjects which were further investigated by implantation of depth electrodes in the hippocampus and amygdala. Seizure monitoring was carried out over a 1 week period starting the day after implantation. No subject took medications other than anti-epileptic drugs and these were discontinued for 36 h after the
Discussion
We have tested the hypothesis that the primate amygdala and hippocampus receive inputs arising from nociceptors. The results showed that LEP N2*, P2** and N2P2* were recorded from electrodes implanted in the amygdala and hippocampus. The latencies of these potentials were similar to those recorded from scalp electrodes over the vertex and subdural electrodes over the sylvian fissure (present Table 1, Table 2 in (Lenz et al., 1998a)). The amygdala and hippocampal responses resulted from the
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health—National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS38493 and NS40059 to FAL). We thank L. H. Rowland and J. Winberry for excellent technical assistance.
References (83)
- et al.
The antinociceptive effects of SCH-32615, a neutral endopeptidase enkephalinase inhibitor, microinjected into the periaqueductal, ventral medulla and amygdala
Brain Res
(1990) - et al.
Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease
Eur J Pain
(2005) - et al.
Relays from the spinal cord and solitary nucleus through the parabrachial nucleus to the forebrain in the cat
Brain Res
(1990) - et al.
Variability of laser-evoked potentials: attention, arousal and lateralized differences
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
(1993) - et al.
Subcortical structures involved in pain processing: evidence from single-trial fMRI
Pain
(2002) The physiology and pharmacology of hippocampal formation theta rhythms
Prog Neurobiol
(1986)- et al.
Spinal input to the parabrachial nucleus in the cat
Brain Res
(1989) Theta oscillations in the hippocampus
Neuron
(2002)- et al.
Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction
Neuron
(2008) - et al.
Pain processing during three levels of noxious stimulation produces different pattern of central activity
Pain
(1997)
Activation of identified septo-hippocampal neurons by noxious peripheral stimulation
Brain Res
Fear-avoidance beliefs and distress in relation to disability in acute and chronic low back pain
Pain
Amygdala circuitry in attentional and representational processes
Trends Cogn Sci
NMDA receptor-independent synaptic plasticity in the central amygdala in the rat model of neuropathic pain
Pain
Peripheral fiber correlates to noxious thermal stimulation in humans
Neurosci Lett
Noxious stimuli produce prolonged changes in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus
Pain
Pain-related somatosensory evoked magnetic fields
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
Brain oscillations and human memory: EEG correlates in the upper alpha and theta band
Neurosci Lett
Event-related desynchronization in the alpha band and the processing of semantic information
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res
Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention
Neurosci Lett
Event-related desynchronization, ERD-mapping and hemispheric differences for words and numbers
Int J Psychophysiol
Topography of middle-latency somatosensory evoked potentials following painful laser stimuli and non-painful electrical stimuli
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol
Unconditioned stimulus pathways to the amygdala: effects of lesions of the posterior intralaminar thalamus on foot-shock-induced c-Fos expression in the subdivisions of the lateral amygdala
Neuroscience
Analgesia produced by lidocaine microinjection into the dentate gyrus
Pain
Blocking, NMDA receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus with AP5 produces analgesia in the formalin pain test
Exp Neurol
Electrophysiological mapping of brainstem projections of spinal cord lamina I cells in the rat
Brain Res
Forebrain pain mechanisms
Brain Res Rev
Attention to a painful cutaneous laser stimulus modulates electrocorticographic event-related desynchronization in humans
Clin Neurophysiol
Group III mGluR7 and mGluR8 in the amygdala differentially modulate nocifensive and affective pain behaviors
Neuropharmacology
Hippocampal theta state in relation to formalin nociception
Pain
The nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic system: one hundred years of progress
Neurobiol Learn Mem
Narcotic analgestics: CNS sites and mechanisms of action as revealed by intracerebral injection techniques
Pain
Age-related alterations in responses of nucleus basalis magnocellularis neurons to peripheral nociceptive stimuli
Brain Res
Computationally efficient approaches to calculating significant ERD/ERS changes in the time-frequency plane
J Neurosci Methods
Evaluation of specific absorption rate as a dosimeter of MRI-related implant heating
J Magn Reson Imaging
Human brain activation under controlled thermal stimulation and habituation to noxious heat: an fMRI study
Magn Reson Med
The control of the false discovery rate under dependency
Ann Stat
The spinotrigeminopontoamygdaloid pathway: electrophysiological evidence for an involvement in pain processes
J Neurophysiol
Nucleus centralis of the amygdala and the globus pallidus ventralis: electrophysiological evidence for an involvement in pain processes
J Neurophysiol
Painful stimuli evoke different stimulus-response functions in the amygdala, prefrontal, insula and somatosensory cortex: a single-trial fMRI study
Brain
Accuracy of MRI-guided stereotactic thalamic functional neurosurgery
Neuroradiology
Cited by (34)
Amygdala physiology in pain
2020, Handbook of Behavioral NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Amygdala activation has also been linked to top-down pain modulation through enhanced functional connectivity with the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (Bingel & Tracey, 2008); and there is an evidence for activation of the μ-opioid system in the amygdala detected by radioligand positron emission tomography (PET) during sustained muscle pain induced by infusion of hypertonic saline into the jaw muscle (Zubieta et al., 2005; see also Apkarian et al., 2005). Importantly, electrophysiological studies in patients with epilepsy (Liu et al., 2011) found evidence for a direct nociceptive pathway and an indirect ventral to dorsal pathway to the central nucleus (dorsal region in the human amygdala) by measuring local field potentials in response to thulium-YAG laser-evoked heat pain stimuli (Liu et al., 2010, 2011). These clinical neuroimaging and electrophysiology data validate the results of preclinical work on the pain-related amygdala circuitry processing direct nociceptive input from PB and multimodal thalamocortical input from LA-BLA as discussed earlier (see “Inputs” in “Amygdala neurocircuitry of ‘pain processing’”).
Alpha absolute power measurement in panic disorder with agoraphobia patients
2013, Journal of Affective Disorders