Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nardostachys jatamansi and evaluation of its anti-biofilm effect against classical colonizers
Introduction
Nanotechnology is an emerging trend by fabricating functional materials at nanoscale level [1,2] and several approaches have been utilized for the synthesis of AgNPs, as thermal decomposition [3], electrochemical [4], the microwave-assisted process [5] and green chemistry. Biosynthesized nanoparticles received strong interest in recent years since that provides environmentally benign technologies for synthesis of functionalised AgNPs [6]. N. jatamansi, has traditionally been used in Indian - Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha [7]. N. jatamansi rhizomes are used as a tranquilizer, laxative, cardiac tonic, for curing vertigo, nervous headache, low and high blood pressure, etc., [8]. N. jatamansi oil has been exploited as an incense, perfume, a sedative, and herbal medicine said to fight against insomnia, and other minor ills [9]. Herein, we report the green synthesis of AgNPs using an aqueous rhizome extract of N. jatamansi, which exhibited remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm properties.
Section snippets
Biosynthesis of AgNPs
Rhizomes of N. jatamansi were obtained from Chennai, Tamilnadu. The specimen was identified as N. jatamansi DC. (Valerianaceae) after matching with the specimen deposited earlier [10]. The sample was ground into powder and 100 g of powder was taken in a beaker containing 500 ml of distilled water and kept for stirring at room temperature for 45 min [Stirred extract]. Simultaneously, 100 g of powder was taken in a beaker containing 500 ml of distilled water and kept for heating at 60 °C for
Results and discussion
Biosynthesis of AgNPs was achieved by the addition of aqueous solution of AgNO3 into the extracts of N. jatamansi plant extract prepared by stirring and heating condition under exposure to sunlight. The solution color changes from light yellow solution to dark brown color within few minutes in both the solution. It is noted that without sunlight exposure, the sample did not show significant color change. Although it is difficult to predict the exact molecular component of extracts involved in
Conclusion
Medicinally important N. jatamansi rhizome extract was successfully used as reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of stable AgNPs in the presence of sunlight. The formation of biofunctionalized crystalline spherical AgNPs with a size range of 10–15 nm was confirmed using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, TEM and EDX. Zeta potential confirms the stability of the formed AgNPs. The in-vitro antioxidant studies of the AgNPs showed a dose-dependent activity and also exhibited
Acknowledgement
Meenakshi Sundaram M thankfully acknowledges Prof.T.R.Rajagopalan Research grant and AYUSH EMR grant (Z.28015/07/2018HPC(EMR)-AYUSH-E). Financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India (EMR/2016/001168) is also acknowledged with gratitude.
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