Vibration behavior of metallic sandwich panels with Hourglass truss cores
Introduction
Metallic and composite periodic truss core sandwich structures with a variety of topology open-cell cores [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]] are selected as preferred lightweight load-bearing constructions due to their high specific stiffness, specific strength, energy absorption and potential multifunctional application. Large quantities of works have been carried out to investigate their fabrication and mechanical properties, including static and dynamic characteristics [[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]]. The application of the sandwich structure on the ship began in around 1990 [11], and the weight reduction effect was obvious, which reduced the energy consumption and increases the carrying capacity of the ship. As a substitute for traditional stiffened panels on ships, the lattice sandwich structure is lighter than the corrugated sandwich panels and honeycomb sandwich panels, and saves more raw materials. Moreover, due to the connectivity of the cells, the lattice sandwich structure not only acts as a load-bearing structure but also can serve as a functional structure with excellent energy absorption, vibration suppression and sound insulation properties, which meets the modern multi-functional demand of ships and marine structures. To date, in order to further improve the specific stiffness and strength, several typical topologies of the periodic truss cores have been developed such as tetrahedral [18,19], pyramidal [20,21], 3D-Kagome [22,23], Octahedron [24,25], X-type [26] and recently Hourglass truss cores [27,28]. For many applications, some critical components of equipment are frequently under the resonant vibration that can cause premature failure, such as in the case of aerospace application, the structures with higher fundamental frequency and vibration suppression performance are required. Thus the lightweight lattice structures combining excellent load-bearing and vibration isolation properties are highly appreciated.
It should be noted that for periodic sandwich structures vast majority of investigations concern more about their compression, shear, bending, impact than free vibration and vibration isolation responses. Bondaryk [29] experimentally and numerically investigated the vibration properties of three-dimensional truss structures. It has been shown that trusses can be an effective isolation system, particularly at higher frequencies, where wavelengths are much smaller than the strut members. Zhang et al. [30] studied the vibration response of the pyramidal lattice sandwich beam based on a homogenization method. The results showed that the analytical model can obtain a reasonable estimation on the first order natural frequency. Lou et al. [31] studied the free vibration responses of simply supported sandwich beams with pyramidal truss cores. Xu et al. [32] developed an interval analysis method to investigate the free vibration of the composite truss core sandwich beams considering various uncertainties in their geometric and material parameters. The nonlinear vibration responses of a 3D-Kagome core sandwich plate were also investigated by Zhang et al. [33] using the Reddy's third-order shear deformation theory. Yang et al. [34] investigated the vibrations and damping performances of hybrid carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss sandwich panels and cylindrical shells. Li et al. [35] studied the effect of local damage on the vibration characteristics of the composite truss core sandwich structures. Li and Lyu [36] studied the active vibration control of the lattice sandwich beam with piezoelectric actuator and sensor pairs by using the Hamilton's principle and the assumed mode method. Song et al. [37] investigated the nonlinear aeroelastic characteristics of the pyramidal lattice core sandwich beams by applying the Reddy's third-order shear deformation theory. Chen et al. [38] recently investigated the dynamics of a truss core sandwich beam with a nonlinear energy sink device, which was placed in the interior of a sandwich beam to suppress vibration based on the principle of nonlinear targeted energy transfer. Yu et al. [39] designed a phononic crystal sandwich plate with periodic hollow tube core and investigated its vibration isolation performance in low frequency ranges by experiments and simulations. It was shown that the soft fillers can shift attenuation zones to lower frequencies and enhance the vibration isolation.
Recently, Feng et al. [27,28] proposed a new type enhanced lattice structures called “Hourglass” truss sandwich structures. A series of research works about their fabrication, compression, shear and bending responses has been conducted. It has been proved that such lattice sandwich structures possess superior resistance to the global buckling of core trusses and the local buckling of the facesheets compared to the pyramidal truss sandwich structures. To further comprehensively study the corresponding dynamic characteristics of the Hourglass truss sandwich structures, the vibration characteristic and vibration isolation performance of the Hourglass lattice sandwich structures are carried out in this paper. In Section 2, the metallic Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich panels are designed and fabricated. Modal tests are carried out to investigate and compare their free vibration properties and vibration isolation performances with the similar relative densities. In Section 3, a series of finite element analysis (FEA) is developed to study the modal responses of the Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich panels and then the results are compared with those of experiments. The experimentally verified FEA models are adopted to further investigate the influence of the truss inclination angles and different boundary conditions on the vibration characteristic of the present structures. Then, the obtained experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed in Section 4. Finally, several conclusions are given out in Section 5.
Section snippets
Fabrication methodology
The metallic Hourglass truss and pyramidal truss lattice cores made of 304 stainless steel sheets are designed and fabricated in this Section. The detailed fabrication processes are shown in Fig. 1. Firstly, 2-D truss patterns with different configurations are cut from 304 stainless steel sheets by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) [12]. Then such truss patterns are interlocked and assembled to form the Hourglass and pyramidal truss cores, respectively. Finally, the top, bottom face
Finite element models
In this section, a numerical study is carried out to investigate the free vibration responses of the Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich structures by using a commercial finite element code ABAQUS 6.13. A 3D solid element C3D8I (Incompatible mode eight-node brick element) is chosen to model the actual Hourglass and pyramidal truss cores. The face sheets and the truss cores are connected together through a “tie” operation [34]. By using a frequency extraction procedure based on the Lanczos
Free vibration and damping characterization
The results for the mesh convergence study of Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich structures are shown in Fig. 5. For instance, the natural frequencies of the Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich structures H1 and P1 have gradually stabilized, and sufficient accuracy of the model H1 and P1 can be obtained when the numbers of elements increase to about 75000 and 60000, respectively. The first six natural frequencies and modal shapes of the Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich structures with different
Conclusions
In this paper, we design and fabricate metallic Hourglass and pyramidal sandwich panels by using a vacuum brazing approach. The vibration characteristics and vibration isolation performances of such sandwich structures are investigated experimentally and numerically. The influences of the truss inclination angle and different boundary conditions on their modal properties are explored and discussed. Some conclusions from the experimental and numerical results are summarized as follows:
- (1)
Under the
Acknowledgement
The present work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11432004, 11772097, 11802070, 11761131006 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant Nos. HEUCFP201802 and HEUCFP201804.
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