Original ArticleLong-Term Deficits in Episodic Memory after Ischemic Stroke: Evaluation and Prediction of Verbal and Visual Memory Performance Based on Lesion Characteristics
Section snippets
Procedure
The study population consisted of patients with a first-ever ischemic stroke admitted to one of 6 participating stroke departments in the Netherlands. Stroke has been defined as a rapidly developing sign of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death, with no apparent origin other than vascular.40 The research protocol was approved by our medical ethics committee. All patients gave their informed consent. Patients included had a
Results
Of 105 included patients, 19 patients could not be evaluated after 1 year poststroke (mean 377 days; SD 22): 9 patients had died; 4 patients had recurrent stroke; two patients developed comorbidity seriously affecting functional outcome; and 4 patients refused further examination. RAVLT test results of two patients were incomplete and in 8 patients the RAVLT could not be administered because of severe aphasia. Finally, 76 patients had complete data on the RAVLT. Results on the Doors Test were
Discussion
Our study investigated the relationship between lesion characteristics (lesion side, level, and volume) and episodic memory performance of patients with ischemic stroke in the chronic phase after stroke.
Our results show that 1 year poststroke, compared with norms, a large number of patients were impaired on verbal immediate and delayed recall as well as on verbal recognition. Furthermore, one quarter of the patients had impairments of recognizing learned visual information. Studies1, 9 of
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Theo D. Witkamp, MD, neuroradiologist, for his help in analyzing the MRI scans.
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S. K. Schiemanck was supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZON/MW) and the Scientific Foundation of Rehabilitation Center De Hoogstraat.