Fig. 1. Trace1, a generic trace taken from the bookstore prototype.

Fig. 2. A UML sequence diagram that displays Trace1 from Fig. 1, modified to show execution-occurrences (EOs) (the vertical rectangles).

Fig. 3. An Effective Layered Architecture (ELArch) model corresponding to Trace1 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4. A Layered Queueing Network (LQN) model. Parameters are not indicated.

Fig. 5. An IPGraph corresponding to Trace1.

Fig. 6. A typical interaction tree, annotated with node properties.

Fig. 7. Trace2: a trace fragment to illustrate SAMETech.

Fig. 8. The first three states of the ITree created in analyzing Trace2 in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9. The fourth and fifth states of the ITree created for Trace2.

Fig. 10. Tree transformation after processing a message from component A to X, including cleanup.

Fig. 11. Tree transformation after the detection of a synchronous interaction pattern.

Fig. 12. Tree transformation after a detection of a forwarding interaction.

Fig. 13. Simplification of an LQN: (a) before simplification, (b) after simplification.

Fig. 14. UML use case diagram of the BookStore application.

Fig. 15. The UML class diagram of the BookStore application, with Client interface.

Fig. 16. Sequence diagram for the BrowseProducts operation.

Fig. 17. Trace for BrowseProducts.

Fig. 18. The PartLQN for the BrowseProducts trace in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19. Sequence diagram for the “Checkout” scenario.

Fig. 20. The PartLQN submodel produced by the SAMETech algorithm from the checkout trace.

Fig. 21. The AddProduct scenario, and the resulting PartLQN. (a) Sequence diagram, (b) PartLQN.

Fig. 22. Combined LQN for multiple scenarios of the RADSBookstore prototype.

Fig. 23. A reduced version of the combined LQN with one task per task class, by name.