Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on a Rabbit Model of Nicotine-Compromised Bone Healing

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.007

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 28-35

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.007 Get rights and content

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on nicotine-compromised bone healing.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen adult New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with 1.5-g time-release nicotine pellets. Bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis was then performed. Autologous PRP was injected into 1 side of the distraction regenerate, whereas physiologic saline solution was injected into the contralateral side as a control. Five rabbits were killed on day 5 of active distraction, on day 11 of active distraction, and in week 2 of consolidation, respectively.

Results

In the PRP the platelet enrichment was 14.63 ± 3.081–fold of that in whole blood. Plain radiography and micro–computed tomography assessment showed no significant difference between the PRP injection and control sides. Histologic examination showed more disorganized distraction tissue on the PRP injection side.

Conclusions

PRP injection at an early stage of active distraction does not significantly enhance bone healing in the nicotine-compromised rabbit model of mandibular lengthening.

Section snippets

Animal Care

Adult New Zealand white rabbits were kept in a dedicated animal holding facility under veterinary supervision in the Laboratory Animal Unit of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. The animal experiment was approved by the Committee of the Use of Live Animals for Teaching and Research.

Nicotine Implantation

Fifteen rabbits (9 months old, 3.4-4.0 kg) were used. We implanted 1.5-g 60-day time-release nicotine pellets (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL) in the neck subcutaneous tissue

Concentrations of Platelets and TGF-β₁

In the PRP the platelet enrichment was 14.63 ± 3.081–fold of that in whole blood, and the concentration of TGF-β₁ was 12.31 ± 1.043 ng/mL (Table 1).

Plain Radiography

No obvious difference between the PRP injection and control sides was noted at any of the experimental time points. On day 5 of active distraction, the distraction gap was radiolucent without obvious sign of new bone formation (Fig 2A,B). On day 11 of active distraction, radiopaque streaks extended from both the medial and distal bony edges toward

Discussion

The negative effect of cigarette smoking on bone healing has been widely reported in the scientific literature.10, 11 It is a clinical challenge to treat heavy smokers because of their compromised healing ability, particularly regarding the need for reconstructive surgery. Nicotine is the main chemical component responsible for tobacco addiction. It inhibits the expression of a wide range of cytokines and growth factors associated with neovascularization and osteoblast differentiation.¹² Our

Acknowledgment

The authors appreciate the valuable technical assistance provided by the Laboratory Animal Unit of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine and the Centralized Research Laboratories of the Faculty of Dentistry. They also appreciate the support of the Industrial Centre of Hong Kong Polytechnic University in supplying the mandibular distractors.

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In a study by Sawaki et al. (1996), the regenerated bone was formed predominantly through membranous ossification, and small islands of cartilaginous tissue in the distraction regenerate were observed, which was in agreement with the histological findings of the current study. Other studies reported that the distraction regenerate was predominantly formed via intramembranous ossification, but they did not explicitly mention endochondral bone formation (Terheyden et al., 2003; Lai et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2011). Cartilage formation in osteodistraction is related to the species, fixation technique, and the difference between the endochondral and membranous bones (Furuta et al., 2007).
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: Supported by the Small Project Funding Programme (reference code HKU200507176099) from The University of Hong Kong.

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Basic and patient-oriented researchEffect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on a Rabbit Model of Nicotine-Compromised Bone Healing

Purpose

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusions

Section snippets

Animal Care

Nicotine Implantation

Concentrations of Platelets and TGF-β1

Plain Radiography

Discussion

Acknowledgment

Bone

J Craniomaxillofac Surg

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Biomaterials

J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Bone

J Surg Res

Methods for smoking cessation and treatment of nicotine dependence

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol

Cigarette smoking and periodontal diseases: Etiology and management of disease

Ann Periodontol

Nicotine impairs distraction osteogenesis in the rat mandible

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg

Inhibitory effect of nicotine on bone regeneration in mandibular distraction osteogenesis

Front Biosci

Mandibular defect reconstruction using three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold in combination with platelet-rich plasma and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: De novo synthesis of bone in a single case

Tissue Eng Part A

Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma in combination with freeze-dried bone in the rabbit craniumA pilot study

Clin Oral Implants Res

Basic and patient-oriented research
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on a Rabbit Model of Nicotine-Compromised Bone Healing

Concentrations of Platelets and TGF-β₁