Review
The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: Critical Effector in Skin Cancer and Aging

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Cellular senescence, a state of stable cell cycle arrest in response to cellular stress, is an indispensable mechanism to counter tumorigenesis by halting the proliferation of damaged cells. However, through the secretion of an array of diverse cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), senescent cells can paradoxically promote carcinogenesis. Consistent with this, removal of senescent cells delays the onset of cancer and prolongs lifespan in vivo, potentially in part through SASP reduction. In this review, we consider the evidence for the SASP and “SASP-like” inflammation in driving skin carcinogenesis, emphasizing how further understanding of both the roles and mechanisms of SASP expression may offer new targets for skin cancer prevention and therapy.

Abbreviations

ATM
ataxia telangiectasia mutated
DDR
DNA-damage response
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
MMP
matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin
PKD1
protein kinase D1
SASP
senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma

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These authors contributed equally to this work.