Elsevier

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volume 324, Part B, 15 February 2017, Pages 241-249
Journal of Hazardous Materials

Task-specific thioglycolate ionic liquids for heavy metal extraction: Synthesis, extraction efficacies and recycling properties

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.054Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Thioglycolate-based ionic liquids have been synthesized and their physicochemical properties have been examined.

  • The developed ionic liquids can efficiently remove Cu(II) and Cd(II).

  • Loaded ionic liquids can be recycled by application of different stripping protocols.

Abstract

Eight novel task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) based on the thioglycolate anion designed for heavy metal extraction have been prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Vis, infrared, ESI-MS, conductivity, viscosity, density and thermal properties. Evaluation of their time-resolved extraction abilities towards cadmium(II) and copper(II) in aqueous solutions have been investigated where distribution ratios up to 1200 were observed. For elucidation of the IL extraction mode, crystals were grown where Cd(II) was converted with an excess of S-butyl thioglycolate. It was found by X-ray diffraction analysis that cadmium is coordinated by five oxygen and one sulfur donor atoms provided by two thioglycolate molecules and one water molecule. Leaching behavior of the hydrophobic ionic liquids into aqueous systems was studied by TOC (total dissolved organic carbon) measurements. Additionally, the immobilization on polypropylene was elucidated and revealed slower metal extraction rates and similar leaching behavior. Finally, recovery processes for cadmium and copper after extraction were performed and recyclability was successfully proven for both metals.

Keywords

Thioglycolic acid
Task-specific ionic liquids
Heavy metal extraction
Immobilization
Reusability

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