Fig. 1. Illustration of the wind tunnel with turbulence generation grid installed: (a) wind tunnel and (b) turbulence generation grid.

Fig. 2. Illustration of the portion of the cross-section (shadowed) located at x=−60 mm where turbulence intensity is evaluated from the measured flow velocity.

Fig. 3. Distribution of across the portion of cross-section located at x=−60 mm for different Re.

Fig. 4. Distribution of turbulence intensity across the portion of cross section located at x=−60 mm for three different Re: (a) Re=5000, (b) Re=24 790 and (c) Re=41 000.

Fig. 5. Probability density functions of Tu across the portion of cross section located at x=−60 mm for three different Re: (a) Re=5000, (b) Re=24 790 and (c) Re=41 000.

Fig. 6. Power spectral density (PSD) functions of the fluctuating flow velocity at the center of the cross-section located at x=−60 mm for three different Re.

Fig. 7. Cylinder displacements at mid-span versus U_r0: (a) and (b) r_w.

Fig. 8. Phase maps of cylinder motion: (a) lock-in region (U_r0=5.31) and (b) region of large U_r0.

Fig. 9. Plots of power spectral density function of cylinder displacement versus U_r0: (a) uniform flow case and (b) turbulent flow case.

Fig. 10. Components of cylinder displacement at mid-span versus U_r0: (a) and (b) .

Fig. 11. Effect of free-stream turbulence on dominant frequencies of cylinder vibration: (a) frequency of vortex shedding and (b) natural frequency of the fluid-cylinder system.

Fig. 12. Flow-induced forces at mid-span versus U_r0: (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) r_cyV and (e) r_cyM.

Fig. 13. Power spectral density (PSD) functions of the fluid force versus U_r0: (a) uniform flow case and (b) turbulent flow case.

Fig. 14. Ratio of energy increment of the cylinder due to free-stream turbulence.

Properties of the elastic cylinder model