Luteolin exerted less inhibitory effect on macrophage activation induced by Astragalus polysaccharide than by lipopolysaccharide
Section snippets
Induction
Flavonoids are a group of natural phenolic compounds having anti-inflammatory properties (Gerritsen et al., 1995, Kim et al., 1999, Wadsworth and Koop, 1999). Luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), as one of the well-studied flavonoid examples, is widely found in vegetables, fruits, and nuts, such as celery, broccoli, carrots, peppers, onion leaves, apple skins, peanuts and chrysanthemum flowers (Pandurangan & Esa, 2014). Accumulated evidences show that luteolin has multiple biological
Materials
LPS and griess reagent (modified) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mouse TNF-alpha ELISA kit and IL-6 ELISA kit were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). The antibody phos-P65, P65, phos-IRF3, IRF3, phos-AKT, AKT, phos–P38, P38, phos–JNK, JNK, GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA) and phos–ERK, ERK (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA), HRP-linked anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibody were obtained from Santa Cruz. SYBR Select Master Mix for RT-PCR
Effect of luteolin on production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in RAP- and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
Stimulating the cells with RAP and LPS induced an increase in NO production from the basal level. The result showed luteolin could reduce the NO production in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, it is consistent with the previous reported. It also showed luteolin could inhibit production of NO at high concentration in RAW264.7 cells induced by RAP respectively (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1). The production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells was tested by ELISA assay. After LPS or RAP stimulated for 24 h, the
Discussion
This study presents an interesting finding regarding the difference between RAP and LPS. Although luteolin reduced NO production and iNOS gene expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by both RAP and LPS, and there is no significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 production and gene expression between RAP and LPS alone treatment groups, luteolin did not inhibit the cytokines production and related gene expression in RAP-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggested that RAP, even exhibited some
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by HKSAR Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF), Tier 3, ITS/311/09, General Research Fund (12100615, 22100014), Health Medical Research Fund (11122531, 14150521), National Natural Sciences Foundation in China (81473341), and Hong Kong Baptist University (RC-start up grant, MPCF-001-2014/2015, RC-IRMS/14-15/06, FRG1/16-17/032 and FRG2/16-17/002).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References (33)
- et al.
Role of nitric oxide produced by iNOS through NF-κB pathway in migration of cerebellar granule neurons induced by Lipopolysaccharide
Cellular Signalling
(2011) - et al.
Luteolin protects against vascular inflammation in mice and TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via suppressing IΚBα/NF-κB signaling pathway
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
(2015) - et al.
Bioavailable flavonoids to suppress the formation of 8-OHdG in HepG2 cells
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
(2006) - et al.
Effect of naturally occurring flavonoid sonnitricoxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and their structure-activity relationships
Biochemical Pharmacology
(1999) - et al.
Luteolin inhibits the nuclear factor-κB transcriptional activity in Rat-1 fibroblasts
Biochemical Pharmacology
(2003) - et al.
Macrophage activation by polysaccharide isolated from Astragalus membranaceus
International Immunopharmacology
(2005) - et al.
Extraction, characterization of Astragalus polysaccharides and its immune modulating activities in rats with gastric cancer
Carbohydrate Polymers
(2009) - et al.
Antioxidant activity of Astragalus polysaccharides and antitumour activity of the polysaccharides and siRNA
Carbohydrate Polymers
(2010) - et al.
TLR4-mediated activation of macrophages by the polysaccharide fraction from Polyporus umbellatus (pers.) Fries
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(2011) - et al.
Preparation and suppressive effect of astragalus polysaccharide in glomerulonephritis rats
International Immunopharmacology
(2007)
Luteolin inhibits viral-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells via suppression of STAT1/3 dependent NF-κB and activation of HO-1
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Juniperus scopolorum
International Immunopharmacology
Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Opuntia polyacantha
International Immunopharmacology
Vascular endothelial growth factor KDR receptor signaling potentiates tumor necrosis factor-induced tissue factor expression in endothelial cells
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Intestinal absorption of luteolin and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside in rats and humans
FEBS Letters
Effects of the wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW264.7 macrophages
Biochemical Pharmacology
Cited by (4)
Akt downstream of NFκB, MAPKs and IRF3 pathway involved in macrophage activation induced by Astragalus polysaccharide RAP
2017, Journal of Functional FoodsCitation Excerpt :The MyD88-independent pathway activates interferon (IFN)-regulatory factor (IRF3) (Kawasaki & Kawai, 2014; Premkumar, Dey, Dorn, & Raskin, 2010). Although the RAP has been proved to activate the macrophage via TLR4 like LPS, we also reported the luteolin could exert different effect in macrophages induced by polysaccharide (RAP) or LPS, and further study exhibited luteolin could decrease the NFκB and Akt activation in RAP-induced macrophages (Li et al., 2017). This is different with the inhibition effect in LPS induced macrophages.
Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect
2022, Archives of Pharmacal Research