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doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.065    
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Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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How metal (hydr)oxides are protonated in aqueous media: The (n+1) rule and the role of the interfacial potential

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Kyriakos Bourikasa, b, Christos Kordulisa, c and Alexis Lycourghiotisa, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author

aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece

bSchool of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Sahtouri 16, GR-26222 Patras, Greece

cInstitute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, FORTH/ICE-HT, P.O. Box 1414, GR-26500 Patras, Greece


Received 11 October 2005; 
accepted 29 November 2005. 
Available online 18 January 2006.

Abstract

The mechanism of the protonation of solid metal (hydr)oxides in aqueous media, which is closely interrelated to many processes of great technological and environmental importance, has been elucidated using simulation and experimental work. The electrical potential, smeared out at the interfacial region, changes the concentration of the H+ ions on the surface of the (hydr)oxide, thus promoting or hindering protonation. This is manifested by the shifts of the protonation peaks of the various kinds of surface sites and the appearance of an extra peak in the differential potentiometric titration curve.

Graphical abstract

Differential potentiometric titration curves of a model oxide with two surface sites ((A) and (C)). Protonation of site A is split into two parts: under negative potential (A) and under positive potential (A′).


Keywords: Acidity; Interface; Langmuir adsorption; Metal (hydr)oxide; Protonation; Differential potentiometric titration; Surface site; Interfacial potential

Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Results and discussion
3. Summary
Acknowledgements
References





Corresponding Author Contact InformationCorresponding author. Fax: +30 2610994796.

 
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