Multi-locus genotyping of bottom fermenting yeasts by single nucleotide polymorphisms indicative of brewing characteristics
Section snippets
Strains and media
Yeast strains were cultured in YPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% D-glucose) without otherwise described. Solid medium was made with 2% agar. Thirty-two S. pastorianus (bottom fermenting yeast) strains (BF01–BF32) were used and 21 S. cerevisiae strains: the laboratory yeast strain S288C, and 20 top fermenting yeast strains (TF33–TF52).
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Chromosomal DNAs of yeast were separated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on a 1% gel using the CHEF Mapper XA system (Bio-Rad
Polymorphisms among six bottom fermenting yeasts
We first investigated the extent in which the karyotype of S. pastorianus strains can vary by analyzing the chromosomal DNA of six lager yeasts by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four strains had a similar karyotype and an obviously different banding pattern was only observed between 665 and 950 kb for strains BF05 and BF06 (Fig. 1). In order to obtain more precise indications at DNA level for phenotypic strain differences (unpublished observations and see below) we searched for single
Discussion
Yeast strains for commercial beer have been selected by evaluating their performance based on time-consuming and expensive fermentation tests. In the present study, SNP analysis of brewing yeast was conducted in a genome-wide manner in order to investigate whether there are SNPs which show strong association with phenotypes, that is, brewing traits.
Among six bottom fermenting yeasts, we detected 30 SNP-loci out of 289 regions, which enabled to differentiate all of them that were not uniquely
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