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doi:10.1016/j.ipl.2006.06.004 
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An approximation algorithm for the load-balanced semi-matching problem in weighted bipartite graphs
Chor Ping Lowa, 
Received 14 December 2005;
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Abstract
A semi-matching on a bipartite graph G=(U
V,E) is a set of edges X
E such that each vertex in U is incident to exactly one edge in X. The sum of the weights of the vertices from U that are assigned (semi-matched) to some vertex v
V is referred to as the load of vertex v. In this paper, we consider the problem to finding a semi-matching that minimizes the maximum load among all vertices in V. This problem has been shown to be solvable in polynomial time by Harvey et al. [N. Harvey, R. Ladner, L. Lovasz, T. Tamir, Semi-matchings for bipartite graphs and load balancing, in: Proc. 8th WADS, 2003, pp. 284–306] and Fakcharoenphol et al. [J. Fakcharoenphol, B. Lekhanukit, D. Nanongkai, A faster algorithm for optimal semi-matching, Manuscript, 2005] for unweighted graphs. However, the computational complexity for the weighted version of the problem was left as an open problem. In this paper, we prove that the problem of finding a semi-matching that minimizes the maximum load among all vertices in a weighted bipartite graph is NP-complete. A -approximation algorithm is proposed for this problem.
Keywords: Semi-matching; Bipartite graphs; Load balancing; NP-hard; Approximation algorithms
