Relations between speed, working memory, and intelligence from preschool to adulthood: Structural equation modeling of 14 studies
Section snippets
Studies and results
To facilitate presentation, we present the various studies according to the age phases covered, following the succession of cycles and phases as outlined in the introduction. The age phase covered and the tasks used by each study are summarized below and in Table 1. We refer the interested reader to the original publications for more information. Fit indices and structural relations between constructs in each study are shown in Table 2. To facilitate inspection of the main trends found, Fig. 2
Discussion
It is notable that our predictions about the recycling patterns of speed–Gf and WM–Gf relations were borne out by so many different studies, especially if the structural equivalence of these studies is taken into account (see Fig. 2). These patterns provide support for an integrated developmental–differential theory of intelligence that would explicate why Gf changes coalesce with speed at the beginning of developmental cycles and with WM changes at the end. Gf undergoes three types of change:
Acknowledgement
Special thanks are due to Andrea Astle, Carleton University, Canada, Nicholas R. Burns and Ted Nettelbeck, University of Adelaide, Australia, David J. Francis, University of Houston, USA, Sandra Hale, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, Robert V. Kail, Purdue University, USA, Andrew N. Meltzoff, University of Washington, USA, Carol A. Miller, Pennsylvania State University, USA, and J. Bruce Tomblin, University of Iowa, USA, for generously contributing their data files in forms appropriate
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