doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.014
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular assembly on cylindrical surfaces
W. Hong and Z. Suo
, 
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Received 22 December 2003;
Revised 8 June 2004.
Available online 15 July 2004.
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Abstract
A molecule adsorbed on a metal surface carries an electric dipole moment, and diffuses on the surface. When a collection of identical molecules partially covers the surface, the dipole–dipole interactions, along with other thermodynamic forces, drive the molecules to aggregate into monolayer islands, in the shape of dots or stripes. The dipole–dipole interactions mediate through the electrostatic field in the space. If the space is shaped, the electrostatic field will be affected, and so will the molecular pattern. To illustrate this idea, we develop a model to evolve molecular pattern on the surface of a wire, or the inner surface of a tube. Molecules assemble into parallel rings on the wire, and parallel stripes on the internal surface of a tube. When the tube radius is comparable to, or smaller than, the island size, the stripes switch to the rings; occasionally, the stripes form spirals.
Author Keywords: Self-assembly; Cylindrical surface; Phase pattern; Adsorbate
Fig. 1. A time sequence of adsorbate patterns evolving on a wire of radius R=10.19b. The cylindrical surface is spread into a rectangle in the plane, with the circumference direction in the horizontal direction. The average coverage is C0=0.5. As time goes on, the adsorbates separate into two phases. Stripes emerge, coarsen, straighten, and align along the circumference of the wire.
Fig. 2. Snapshots of adsorbate patterns on wires of several radii. The average coverage is C0=0.5. The thinner the wire, the thinner the stripes, and the better they align.
Fig. 3. Snapshots of adsorbate patterns on wires of several radii. The average coverage is C0=0.4. For a thick wire, the adsorbates form dots. For a thin wire, the dots elongate. For a very thin wire, each dot is so elongated that it forms a ring around the wire.
Fig. 4. Snapshots of adsorbate patterns on the inner surface of tubes of several radii. The average coverage is C0=0.5. For a thick tube, the stripes align along the tube axis. As the tube radius decreases, the space shortage first forces the stripes into spirals, and finally into rings.
Fig. 5. Snapshots of adsorbate patterns on the inner surface of tubes of several radii. The average coverage is C0=0.4. As the tube radius decreases, the dots first elongate along the tube axis, then become axial stripes, and finally switch to rings.