doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2006.06.008 
Copyright © 2006 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Research Paper
Dental Implants
Histomorphometric evaluation of guided bone regeneration around implants with SLA surface: an experimental study in beagle dogs
J.C. de Vicente
, a, 
, O. Recioa, L. Martín-Villaa, L.M. Junqueraa and J.S. López-Arranza
aDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Hospital of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
Accepted 20 June 2006.
Available online 14 September 2006.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of collagen membranes, either alone or combined with a human demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) or natural bovine bone graft, in bone defects around dental implants with an SLA (sand-blasted, large grit, acid-etched) surface. The experiments were carried out in three beagle dogs using a split-mouth design. On one side of the jaw, three implants were placed and intra-bony defects were created and covered with a collagen membrane, randomly combined in two of the defects with human DFDBA or inorganic bovine bone graft. A control implant, without membrane covering or defect filling, was also placed. On the other side of the jaw, three implants were placed and the bone defects were treated in a similar fashion, but without membrane covering. The studied variables were the percentage of bone-to-implant contact within the limits of the initial bony defect and percentage of the original bony defect occupied by bone tissue. Although no statistically significant differences were found in this study between the membrane and nonmembrane groups, bone defects augmented with anorganic bovine bone and membranes showed the most promising results from a histological and histomorphometric perspective.
Keywords: guided tissue regeneration; bone formation; osseointegration; bioresorbable membrane; collagen; experimental animal study; demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft; deproteinized bovine bone; SLA surface implants
Fig. 1. Study design, with elapsed time shown in weeks.
Fig. 2. The ITI implant consists of an endosseous part with an SLA surface and a transmucosal smooth part. The distance from the shoulder of the implant to the divide between the SLA and smooth surfaces measures 2.8 mm. A: Defect depth measured from top of alveolar crest to bottom of defect; B: width of defect measured from bony wall to implant surface.
Fig. 3. (a) Study protocol. (b) Clinical appearance of bone defects around dental implants: (upper) filled with DFDBA or Bio-Oss; (lower) Bio-Gide® membrane over implants and defects (except for control), extended on to intact bone beyond the defect border.
Fig. 4. (a) Control implant shows no new bone-to-implant contact in defect area (toluidine blue and basic fuchsin; original magnification ×5). In the coronal portion, where defect was created at time of implant placement, partial fill with connective tissue is visible. (b) Implant treated with resorbable membrane alone. (c) Implant treated with resorbable membrane and DFDBA. (d) Implant and bone defect treated with Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss shows new mineralized bone fill and bone-to-implant contact up to implant shoulder (toluidine blue and basic fuchsin; original magnification ×10).
Fig. 5. Boxplots. Comparison of mean percentages of (a) bone-to-implant contact among treatments in the membrane (Mb) group, and (b) original bone defect occupied by bone tissue among treatments in the membrane (Mb) group.
Fig. 6. Higher magnification of implant and newly formed bone beneath membrane from Fig. 4d does not demonstrate bone contact to smooth titanium surface at the alveolar end of the device. There is bone-to-implant contact when the implant surface becomes rough in the apical direction (toluidine blue and basic fuchsin; original magnification ×20).
Fig. 7. Higher magnification of tissue that fills a defect area treated with collagen membrane and natural bovine bone, showing Bio-Oss remnants inside the newly mineralized bone (toluidine blue and basic fuchsin; original magnification ×20).
Table 1.
Percentage bone-to-implant contact
Table 2.
Percentage of original bone defect occupied by bone
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