Short communicationChemical composition and whey protein fraction of late lactation mares' milk
Introduction
Mares' milk is a product of several health benefits, with alleviating effects in various diseases (Foekel et al., 2009; Schubert et al., 2009). The major factors that influence mares' milk composition and hygienic quality are the stage of lactation and milk management (Pikul & Wójtowski, 2008; Salimei & Fantuz, 2012). Changes in protein fractions in mares' milk have been discussed frequently in review papers (Malacarne, Martuzzi, Summer, & Mariani, 2002; Salimei & Fantuz, 2012; Uniacke-Lowe, Huppertz, & Fox, 2010). However, few studies concern the quantitative identification of individual whey proteins in mares' milk (Summer, Tirelli, Formaggioni, Malacarne, & Mariani, 2005). Also, the hygienic quality of mares' milk has not been yet investigated comprehensively (Centoducati, Maggiolino, De Palo, & Tateo, 2012; Danków, Wójtowski, Pikul, Niżnikowski, & Cais-Sokolińska, 2006; Kulisa, Makieła, & Hofman, 2010; Pecka, Dobrzański, Zachwieja, Szulc, & Czyż, 2012). In cited literature somatic cell count (SCC) was the only parameter describing hygienic status of mares' milk. Moreover, it is difficult to find data on total bacteria count (TBC) and SCC of machine milked mares' milk (Caroprese et al., 2007). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the whey protein profile, SCC and TBC as well as chemical composition of late lactation machine milked mares' milk.
Section snippets
Animals, feeding and milk sample collection
The experiment was carried out on late lactation milk obtained from 11 Polish Cold Blooded Horses (CBHs) mares reared at a dairy mare farm in the Wielkopolska region of Western Poland. Mares and foals spent 5–7 h outdoors daily, while at night they were kept in pens of 16 m2. All mares were pregnant, in the late stage of lactation, between 141 and 210 days post partum. Age of experimental animals ranged from 7 to 14 years. The average bodyweight of mares was 703 kg. Milk samples were collected
Results and discussion
Table 1 presents the results of analyses for chemical composition, some physico-chemical characteristics, SCC, TBC and the whey protein profile in milk of CBHs mares in their late stage of lactation.
In the whey protein profile, expressed as a percentage of the total sum of six whey proteins, the most abundantly represented whey proteins were BLG and ALA with means of 29.2% and 25.4%, respectively.
Protein composition of mares' milk differs from that of milk produced by other dairy animals;
Conclusions
The results obtained in this study revealed that late lactation milk of mares of the Polish Cold Blooded breed consists of 9.5% total solids, including 1.6% total protein, 0.4% fat and 6.9% lactose. Moreover, our investigation confirmed that it is characterised by high contents of lactoferrin, lysozyme and immunoglobulins and by very low numbers of somatic cells and total bacteria count. These results indicate that mares of the Polish Cold Blooded Horse breed can be used to produce milk with a
References (24)
- et al.
Behavior, milk yield, and milk composition of machine and hand-milked Murgese mares
Journal of Dairy Science
(2007) - et al.
Application of Wood's model to lactation curve of Italian Heavy Draft horse mares
Journal of Dairy Science
(2012) Human milk
- et al.
Changes of protein content and its fractions in bovine milk from different breeds subject to somatic cell count
Journal of Dairy Science
(2011) - et al.
Protein and fat composition of mares' milk: some nutritional remarks with reference to human and cow's milk
International Dairy Journal
(2002) - et al.
Fat and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of mares' colostrums and milk during five lactation months
Livestock Science
(2008) - et al.
Equid milk for human consumption
International Dairy Journal
(2012) - et al.
Equine milk proteins: chemistry, structure and nutritional significance
International Dairy Journal
(2010) - et al.
The role of lactoferrin in the proper development of newborns
Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine
(2005) - et al.
Effect of lactation on the hygiene quality and some milk physicochemical traits of the Wielkopolska mares
Archiv Tierzucht Dummerstorf
(2006)
Fat content and composition of mare's milk
Dietetic effects of oral intervention with mare's milk on the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis, on faecal microbiota and on immunological parameters in patients with atopic dermatitis
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
Cited by (36)
Sheep milk: A pertinent functional food
2019, Small Ruminant ResearchCitation Excerpt :It is clear from the above study that sheep milk has positive effect on bone structural integrity and bone health. Sheep milk is the richest source of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (Markiewicz-Kęszycka et al., 2013). It is claimed to inhibit the occurrence and development of cancer (Parodi, 1999), in the prevention of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis (Gavino et al., 2000; Tricon et al., 2004), inhibits the development of osteoporosis (Watkins and Seifert, 2000) and stimulates the immune system (O’Shea et al., 2004).
The Identification of Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Equine Beta-Lactoglobulin and Lactotransferrin Genes
2019, Journal of Equine Veterinary ScienceCitation Excerpt :LTF supports immune reactions against pathological agents such as protozoa, bacteria, and viruses etc. and also it has a function in cell cycle regulation, as a transcription factor. Mare's milk includes around 0.6–1.3 g L−1 of lactoferrin [16–19]. LTF gene consists of 18 exons and it is about 28.611 base pairs long and is located between 253862th and 282472th bp on Guanzhong donkey whole genome shotgun sequence (Genbank Accession number NW_014638067.1).
Freezing point and other technological properties of milk of the Polish Coldblood horse breed
2018, Journal of Dairy ScienceCitation Excerpt :According to the Polish Horse Breeders Association, there were 273,510 horses in the country in 2016, including 137,003 from all “cold-blooded” breeds (http://pzhk.pl/hodowla/poglowie-koni-polsce/). A preliminary description of the chemical composition, physicochemical parameters, and whey protein profile in the late-lactation milk of Polish Coldblood mares was presented by Markiewicz-Kęszycka et al. (2013). Selected parameters of the milk of this breed from mares in the fourth month of lactation have been described in our previous studies (Cais-Sokolińska et al., 2016a,b).
Macro-and Micronutrients in Non-cow Milk and Products and Their Impact on Human Health
2016, Non-Bovine Milk and Milk ProductsResearch Progress on Nutritional Components and Biological Functions of Different Mammalian Milks
2023, Shipin Kexue/Food Science