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Homeopathy
Volume 96, Issue 3, July 2007, Pages 175-182
The Memory of Water
 
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doi:10.1016/j.homp.2007.03.009    How to Cite or Link Using DOI (Opens New Window)
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

The defining role of structure (including epitaxy) in the plausibility of homeopathy

Manju Lata Rao1, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Rustum Roy1, 5, Iris R. Bell2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Richard Hoover1

1The Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA 3Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA 4Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 5Department of Medicine (Program in Integrative Medicine), The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA 6College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Received 20 March 2007; 
accepted 27 March 2007. 
Available online 31 July 2007.


Referred to by:Erratum to: Rao ML, Roy R, Bell IR, Hoover R. The defining role of structure (including epitaxy) in the plausibility of homeopathy. Homeopathy 96( 2007):175-182
HomeopathyVolume 96, Issue 4October 2007, Page 292
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Abstract

The key stumbling block to serious consideration of homeopathy is the presumed “implausibility” of biological activity for homeopathic medicines in which the source material is diluted past Avogadro's number of molecules. Such an argument relies heavily on the assumptions of elementary chemistry (and biochemistry), in which the material composition of a solution, (dilution factors and ligand–receptor interactions), is the essential consideration.

In contrast, materials science focuses on the three-dimensional complex network structure of the condensed phase of water itself, rather than the original solute molecules. The nanoheterogenous structure of water can be determined by interactive phenomena such as epitaxy (the transmission of structural information from the surface of one material to another without the transfer of any matter), temperature–pressure processes during succussion, and formation of colloidal nanobubbles containing gaseous inclusions of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and possibly the remedy source material.

Preliminary data obtained using Raman and Ultra-Violet–Visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy illustrate the ability to distinguish two different homeopathic medicines (Nux vomica and Natrum muriaticum) from one another and to differentiate, within a given medicine, the 6c, 12c, and 30c potencies. Materials science concepts and experimental tools offer a new approach to contemporary science, for making significant advances in the basic science studies of homeopathic medicines.

Keywords: homeopathy; succussion; materials science; structure of water; epitaxy; nanobubbles

Article Outline

Introduction
Overview
Materials Science Models for homeopathic medicine
Implications of materials science models for basic science research methods in homeopathy
Preliminary studies of homeopathic medicines using Raman and infrared spectroscopy
Method
Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References






Homeopathy
Volume 96, Issue 3, July 2007, Pages 175-182
The Memory of Water
 
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