Original ContributionEnhancement of PPAR-β activity by repetitive low-grade H2O2 stress protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from subsequent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
Section snippets
Cell culture and treatment
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 0.1 mg/ml heparin, and 0.03 mg/ml endothelial cell growth supplement (Sigma). Endothelial cell passages between 3 and 10 were used in our study. H2O2 was diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 137 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 10 mM Na2HPO4, 1.76 mM KH2PO4,
Protective effects of repetitive low-grade H2O2 stress on H2O2-mediated apoptosis
The cell viability remained unchanged during the 4-week repetitive stress period. The MTT reduction was similar between the untreated control and the repetitive stress cells (99.78 ± 2.0% of MTT reduction in the repetitive stress cells relative to the untreated control cells). The viability of the cells was significantly decreased by exposure to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 12 h (about 54% of the control), but increased by the pretreatment with repetitive low-grade H2O2 stress (Fig. 1A).
The caspase-3
Discussion
A proper balance between cell survival and the cell death program is crucial for all the living organisms. Whereas an augmented survival rate of dividing cells can lead to cancer, the premature death of postmitotic cells (e.g., neurons) can induce neuron degeneration. Reactive oxygen species, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and inflammatory stress have been shown to induce the apoptosis of endothelial cells, which seems to represent an initial step in developing atherosclerotic lesions [23].
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the grants from National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB512007), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (30700290), The State Key Laboratory Of Trauma Burns And Combined Injury and The Special Funds for PhD Training from The Ministry of Education of China (20060533009).
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These authors contributed equally to this study.