Solid-phase extraction and analysis of 20 antidepressant drugs in human plasma by LC/MS with SSI method
Introduction
Antidepressant drugs are becoming increasingly widely used for the treatment of depression and these drugs are frequently encountered in emergency toxicology screening, drug-abuse testing and forensic medical examinations [1]. Various methods for determination of antidepressant drugs have been reported, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [2], [3], gas chromatography (GC) [4], [5], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) [6] and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)[7]. However, a sensitive LC–MS method for the simultaneous determination of 20 antidepressant drugs (imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, amoxapine, lofepramine, dosulepin, maprotiline, mianserin, setiptiline, trazodone, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, milnacipran, sulpiride, tandspirone, methylphenidate and melitracen) has not been reported. Furthermore, electrospray ionization (ESI), sonic spray ionization (SSI) developed by Hirabayashi et al. [8] is a very soft ionization method.
The present paper describes a sensitive LC–MS with SSI method for simultaneous determination of 20 antidepressant drugs, and a simple procedure for solid-phase column extraction of the drugs from human plasma with an Oasis® HLB cartridge column.
Section snippets
Chemicals
Imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline and methylphenidate were gifts from Novaltis Pharm Japan (Tokyo, Japan). Fluvoxamine and sulpiride were gifts from Astellas (Tokyo, Japan). Amoxapine and melitracen were from Takeda (Tokyo, Japan). Amitriptyline, trimipramine, nortriptyline, lofepramine, dosulepin, mianserin, setiptiline, trazodone, paroxetine, milnacipran and tandospirone were gifts from Banyu (Tokyo, Japan), Shionogi (Osaka, Japan), Dainippon (Osaka, Japan), Daiichi (Tokyo,
Chromatography and mass spectrometry
When methanol:10 mM ammonium acetate:acetonitrile (70:20:10, v/v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the retention times obtained using the Inertsil C-8 column are listed in Table 1. All drugs were well separated under the conditions used, and every peak was detected within 17.8 min (Table 1).
The 20 antidepressant drugs all exhibited a pseudomolecular ion peak except for milnacipran from the mass spectra obtained by the LC–MS with SSI (positive mode) method. Fig. 1 shows the mass chromatograms of 20
Conclusions
A simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 antidepressant drugs in plasma using LC–MS technique after solid-phase extraction with an Oasis® HLB cartridge column. This simple and sensitive procedure is suitable from use in forensic toxicology investigations.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 16590545) from Japanese Ministry of Education.
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Drug analyses in human plasma by chromatography
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