Elsevier

Food Chemistry

Volume 172, 1 April 2015, Pages 852-861
Food Chemistry

Identification and quantification of glucosinolate and flavonol compounds in rocket salad (Eruca sativa, Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) by LC–MS: Highlighting the potential for improving nutritional value of rocket crops

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.116Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Highlights

  • 13 glucosinolate and 11 flavonol compounds identified across 35 rocket accessions.

  • Several flavonol compounds are newly identified in Eruca and Diplotaxis species.

  • Commercial varieties show enhanced flavonol concentrations but low glucosinolates.

  • We stress the importance of consistent and commercially focused experimental design.

Abstract

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to obtain glucosinolate and flavonol content for 35 rocket accessions and commercial varieties. 13 glucosinolates and 11 flavonol compounds were identified. Semi-quantitative methods were used to estimate concentrations of both groups of compounds. Minor glucosinolate composition was found to be different between accessions; concentrations varied significantly. Flavonols showed differentiation between genera, with Diplotaxis accumulating quercetin glucosides and Eruca accumulating kaempferol glucosides. Several compounds were detected in each genus that have only previously been reported in the other. We highlight how knowledge of phytochemical content and concentration can be used to breed new, nutritionally superior varieties. We also demonstrate the effects of controlled environment conditions on the accumulations of glucosinolates and flavonols and explore the reasons for differences with previous studies. We stress the importance of consistent experimental design between research groups to effectively compare and contrast results.

Chemical compounds studied in this article

Glucoerucin (PubChem CID: 656539)
Glucoraphanin (PubChem CID: 9548633)
4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (PubChem CID: 49859657)
Glucolepiidin (PubChem CID: 656547)
Glucoiberverin (PubChem CID: 9548637)
Glucoalyssin (PubChem CID: 9589398)
Glucoraphenin (PubChem CID: 9548613)
Glucoibarin (PubChem CID: 44237203)
Astragalin (PubChem CID: 5282102)
Isoquercetrin (PubChem CID: 5280804)

Keywords

Brassicaceae
Phytochemicals
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Controlled environment
Plant breeding
Gene bank

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